Chapter 4 Personality & Values
Personality
Consider the following quote�.�Regarding behavior � forget about personality � it�s the situation that determines how someone will behave!�
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Why? Why not?
What is personality?
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others, measurable traits a person exhibits.
Personality Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual�s behavior.
Personality Determinants
� Heredity � so we�re born to be �just the way we are�?
� Environment � oh, so it�s the environment instead?
� Situation � or is it the situation that determines our personality??
So � what determines your personality???
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics and classified people into 1 of 16 personality types.
Ex) Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
Your score is a combination of four dimensions (e.g., �ENTJ�)
The Big Five Model
1. Extroversion (sociable, gregarious, assertive)
2. Agreeableness (good-natured, cooperative, trusting)
3. Conscientiousness (responsible, dependable, persistent, organized)
4. Emotional Stability (calm, self-confident, secure under stress)
5. Openness to Experience (curious, imaginative, artistic, sensitive)
Major personality attributes influencing OB
� Core Self-Evaluation (self-esteem, locus of control)
� Machiavellianism
� Narcissism
� Self- Monitoring
� Risk-Taking
� Type A vs. Type B Personality
� Proactive Personality
Values
Definition: Mode of conduct or end-state is personally or socially preferable (i.e., what is right and good)
� They contain a judgmental element in that they carry the individual�s idea of what is right, good, or desirable.
� Value System -- a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual�s values in terms of their intensity.
Note: Values tend be relatively stable and enduring
� A significant portion of values are genetically determined. Other factors include national culture, parental dictates, teachers, friends, and similar environmental influences.
- Importance of Values
� Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures
- Influence our perception of the world around us
- Represent interpretations of �right� and �wrong�
- Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others
� Types of Values
� Terminal values = �desirable end states�
� Instrumental values = �modes of behavior or means towards achieving one�s terminal values�
Values, Loyalty, and Ethical behavior
� Do ethical values and leader behavior impact the ethical climate in the organization?
Values Across Cultures: Hofstede�s Framework
� Power distance
� Individualism vs. Collectivism
� Masculinity vs. Femininity
� Uncertainty avoidance
� Long term vs. short term orientation
Achieving Person-Job Fit
� Personality-Job Fit Theory (Holland)
Six personality types are identified and a fit between these and occupation determines satisfaction and turnover.
Organizational Culture Profile (OCP)
Useful for determining P-O fit
Forces a choice/ranking of one�s personal values