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In the spring of 1963, Birmingham became the focus of SCLC and MLKJ because it was said to be the most segregated city in the country. On April 3, sit-ins and street demonstrations began. People were arrested, but everyone continued fighting, believing it was necessary. A few days later, MLKJ and other protesters were arrested. Many whites started to say that this movement should focus on negotiation, not protest to integrate, showing that people supported the movement, just not the tactics used. MLKJ responded to this in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail saying that their civil disobedience and direct action was necessary to integrate. On May 2, over 1000 youth marched and were arrested, which created controversy because people didn't like the idea of kids being in the movement, but his event was necessary and created sympathy. The next day more students arrived, and this time the police were violent. They used attack dogs and high-pressure hoses to prevent the march. This event was broadcasted on TV and caused more sympathy for the movement. On May 10, the city gave in and the facilities were desegregated. The KKK help rallies and bombed places to protest this and JFK sent in troops to threat the KKK. A few months later on September 15, a bomb exploded at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, killing 4 African American girls, who became known as martyrs. These events were a success for the movement, but at a high cost.
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