Merrill’s Final ReviewExam 11.For a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses, the central ray is directed:__________________________________________________________________2.Which of the following is located in the internal ear? ________________________3.All of there structures are demonstrated on an AP axial (Towne method) projection of the skull,except: ___________________________4.Which line is placed perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor for the AP axial projectionof the zygomatic arches? ___________________________________5.At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed? ____________6.Where does the central ray enter the patient for the AP axial projection for the zygomaticarches?____________________________________________________7.The central ray angle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:__________________8.The small bone situated at the base of the tongue is the: _____________________9.Which of the following is centered to the image receptor for the PA projection of the mandibularrami?________________________________10.Which projection best demonstrates the maxillary sinuses? ____________________________11.For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the__ line.______________________________12.The parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line tobe placed how many degrees from the plane of the image receptor? ____________________13.All of the following are facial bones except the:_____________________________14.Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?_______________15.Which skull type is narrow from side to side? _______________________________16.All of the following bones contain air sinuses, except:__________________________17.When using the angled grid technique for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of thesinuses, the vertical grid device must be angled ___ degrees. _________________18.Which reference line is positioned horizontal to ensure proper extension of the head during alateral projection of the sinuses? _________________________19.Where are the petrous ridges seen on an image of a parietoacanthial (Waters method)projection of the paranasal sinuses?_______________________________________________20.The largest and most dense bone of the face is the:____________________________21.Which of the following skull types is considered average in size and shape?_________________22.Which of the sinuses is developed at birth and visible radiography?_______________________23.Where is the image receptor centered for the parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection ofthe sinuses? ______________________24.Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the orbits, theethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?_____________________________25.Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica?____________________________26.Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the front edge of the IR for a lateral projectionof the facial bones?_______________________________________27.Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?_____________________________
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4. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter D labels the:
a. maxillary sinuses
b. ethmoid sinuses
c. sphenoid sinuses
d. frontal sinuses
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____ 5. How many bones comprise the bony orbit?
a. 11
b. 7
c. 9
d. 5
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____ 6. The parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR?
a. 30 degrees
b. 20 degrees
c. 27 degrees
d. 37 degrees
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__ 7. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the:
a. ethmoid sinuses
b. sphenoid sinuses
c. maxillary sinuses
d. frontal sinuses
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____ 9. The OML forms an angle of how many degrees from the plane of the IR for an open-mouth parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection?
a. 45 degrees
b. 25 degrees
c. 35 to 40 degrees
d. 37 degrees
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____ 10. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter D labels the:
a. crista galli
b. vomer
c. cribriform plate
d. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
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____ 11. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. What projection (method) is demonstrated?
a. PA axial (Caldwell)
b. parietoacanthial (Waters)
c. SMV
d. lateral
b
b. parietoacanthial (Waters)
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____ 12. The two ethmoidal sinuses are located within which bone?
a. maxillary
b. sphenoid
c. frontal
d. ethmoid
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____ 13. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the:
a. sphenoid sinuses
b. frontal sinuses
c. ethmoid sinuses
d. maxillary sinuses
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____ 185. Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses?
a. AML
b. OML
c. MML
d. IOML
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____ 23. Which of the following foramina will be demonstrated in the orbit on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph?
a. ovale
b. spinosum
c. jugular
d. rotundum
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____ 30. Which drawing in the figure below demonstrates the correct head position for the Waters method?
a. left
b. right
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____ 31. Which of the following are included as functions of the sinuses?
(1) decrease the weight of the skull
(2) warm and moisten inhaled air
(3) provide a resonating chamber for voice
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 2 and 3
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____ 32. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the:
a. sphenoid sinuses
b. frontal sinuses
c. crista galli
d. ethmoid sinuses
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____ 37. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter F labels the:
a. maxillary sinuses
b. sphenoid sinuses
c. ethmoid sinuses
d. pharynx
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____ 43. The sinus identified in the figure below is the:
a. ethmoidal
b. frontal
c. sphenoidal
d. maxillary
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____ 44. The central ray forms an angle of how many degrees with the OML for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses?
a. 12 degrees
b. 15 degrees
c. 5 degrees
d. 20 degrees
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____ 46. Which of the following reference lines is placed perpendicular to the IR for a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection?
a. OML
b. AML
c. IOML
d. MML
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____ 50. Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the open-mouth modification of the Waters method?
a. maxillary
b. sphenoidal
c. frontal
d. ethmoidal
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____ 56. At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed?
a. 18
b. 10
c. 8
d. 14
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____ 60. Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the paranasal sinus?
(1) all four sinus groups
(2) superimposed orbital roofs
(3) superimposed mandibular rami
a. 2 and 3
b. 1, 2, and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1 and 2
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____ 61. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter C labels the:
a. petrous ridge
b. vomer
c. sphenoid sinuses
d. condyle of the mandible
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____ 62. Which of the following must be projected below the maxillary sinuses for the parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses?
a. sphenoidal sinuses
b. petrous pyramids
c. inferior orbital margin
d. zygomatic bones
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____ 168. What projection (method) of the facial bones is demonstrated in the image below?
a. AP axial (Towne)
b. PA axial (Caldwell)
c. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
d. parietoacanthial (Waters)
delete
cc. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
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____ 79. The most effective way to protect the patient from unnecessary radiation during sinus radiography is to use:
(1) low kVp
(2) proper collimation
(3) short exposure times
a. 3 only
b. 1 only
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 2 only
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____ 84. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the:
a. maxillary sinuses
b. ethmoid sinuses
c. sphenoid sinuses
d. frontal sinuses
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____ 101. Which of the sinuses is developed at birth and visible radiographically?
a. maxillary
b. sphenoidal
c. frontal
d. ethmoidal
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____ 192. To successfully demonstrate the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses on the SMV projection, which of the following must occur?
(1) the patient must be recumbent
(2) the infraorbitomeatal line must be parallel with the IR
(3) the central ray must be perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line and horizontal
a. 2 and 3
b. 1 and 2
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
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____ 112. Which projection will best demonstrate the frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses?
(1) PA
(2) parietoacanthial (Waters)
(3) PA axial (Caldwell)
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
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____ 125. Where are the petrous ridges seen on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph?
a. in the lower two thirds of the maxillary sinuses
b. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses
c. superior to the maxillary sinuses
d. in the middle of the maxillary sinuses
bb. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses
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____ 127. Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica?
a. maxillary
b. ethmoidal
c. sphenoidal
d. frontal
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____ 129. For the open-mouth modification of the Waters method, the central ray should exit the:
a. acanthion
b. glabella
c. nasion
d. open mouth
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____ 130. Patients who are having an examination of the paranasal sinuses should always be examined in the upright position to:
(1) demonstrate the presence or absence of fluid
(2) differentiate between fluid and other pathological conditions
(3) make it easier for the radiographer to position the patient
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
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____ 136. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the:
a. frontal sinuses
b. maxillary sinuses
c. ethmoid sinuses
d. sphenoid sinuses
35
____ 137. The respiration phase for all projections of the facial bones and sinuses is:
a. inspiration
b. shallow breathing
c. suspended
d. expiration
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___ 142. Which reference line is positioned horizontal to ensure proper extension of the head during a lateral projection of the sinuses?
a. MML
b. AML
c. OML
d. IOML
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____ 148. Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses?
(1) lateral
(2) PA axial (Caldwell)
(3) SMV
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1 and 3
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____ 159. The largest sinus is the:
a. frontal
b. maxillary
c. sphenoidal
d. ethmoidal
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____ 165. The central ray is directed perpendicular to which reference line for the SMV projection of the sinuses?
a. OIML
b. MML
c. AML
d. OML
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____ 168. What projection (method) of the facial bones is demonstrated in the image below?
a. AP axial (Towne)
b. PA axial (Caldwell)
c. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
d. parietoacanthial (Waters)
cc. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
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____ 174. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter E labels the:
a. sphenoid sinuses
b. ethmoid sinuses
c. frontal sinuses
d. maxillary sinuses
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____ 177. When using the angled grid technique for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses, the vertical grid device must be angled:
a. 20 degrees
b. 7 degrees
c. 15 degrees
d. 10 degrees
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____ 179. At which level should the central ray enter the base of the skull for the SMV projection of the sinuses?
a. inch anterior to the level of the EAM
b. 1 inch below the mental protuberance
c. inch below the mental protuberance
d. inch posterior to the level of the EAM
aa. inch anterior to the level of the EAM
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____ 182. Where is the IR centered for the parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection of the sinuses?
a. nasion
b. acanthion
c. inion
d. glabella
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____ 184. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the:
a. maxillary sinuses
b. sphenoid sinuses
c. frontal sinuses
d. ethmoid sinuses
46
____ 185. Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses?
a. AML
b. OML
c. MML
d. IOML
47
____ 187. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses?
(1) parietoacanthial (Waters)
(2) PA axial (Caldwell)
(3) submentovertical
a. 2 only
b. 3 only
c. 1 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
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____ 188. The bone identified in the figure below is the:
a. maxilla
b. ethmoid
c. frontal
d. mandible
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____ 191. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter C labels the:
a. ethmoid sinuses
b. maxillary sinuses
c. petrous ridge
d. sphenoid sinuses
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Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a PA Axial projection of the paranasal sinuses?
1. the OML is elevated 15 degrees from the horizontal
2. the petrous pyramids completely fill the orbits
3. the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
51
inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses describes
a. parasitis
b. sinusitis
c. nasalitis
d. mucusitis