Which of the following data would be most helpful in predicting possible disruptions to the relationship between the predator and its prey quizlet?

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Correct. dNdt=rmaxN(K−NK)dNdt=rmaxN(K−NK) should be used to calculate the increase in the population size after a year: 0.57×58,000×(70,000−58,00070,000)=5,6670.57×58,000×(70,000−58,00070,000)=5,667 . The new population size would be 5,667+58,000=63,6675,667+58,000=63,667 . The growth rate would decrease the following year because the population would be closer to the new carrying capacity and (K−NK)(K−NK) would get smaller.

In the Arctic Ocean, the predominant primary producers are phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are consumed by zooplankton, which in turn are eaten by codfish. In years when there is more open water (less ice coverage), there are more zooplankton and fish than in years with less open water (more ice coverage). Based on the graph above, the difference is most likely because
A
when there is less open water, light is blocked from the zooplankton, so they cannot produce as much food for the fish
B
when there is more open water, the temperature is warmer, so the zooplankton and fish populations increase in size
C
the ice blocks the light, so in years with more ice coverage, there is less photosynthesis by the phytoplankton
D
the ice increases the light available for photosynthesis, so primary production increases and zooplankton populations increase in size

Commercial bananas are grown as a monoculture, with all banana plants cloned from one original banana plant. The commercial strains of bananas are seedless, so each new banana plant has to be manually planted from a cutting of an existing banana root. In the 1950s, the Gros Michel banana strain, the dominant export banana at that time, was destroyed by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. A new Fusarium resistant variety, the Cavendish banana, was developed and is currently the banana strain grown for export. Recently, a Fusarium strain that successfully attacks the Cavendish strain has been documented.
Which of the following best provides reasoning supporting a method that would help protect commercial banana crops from infection by pathogenic organisms such as Fusarium fungi?
A
The commercial banana strains should be exposed to XX-rays to encourage random mutations that will then be passed to offspring, producing resistance to pathogenic organisms.
B
The Cavendish banana plants should be exposed to pathogenic organisms under controlled conditions, so the plants can be encouraged to mutate and develop resistance to the pathogens.
C
The commercial banana strains should not be grown in monocultures, since many pathogenic organisms are able to evolve rapidly in response to a single selective pressure.
D
Growing the Cavendish strain under different conditions will allow natural selection to produce the variation needed to resist infection by pathogenic organisms.

One of the oldest known mammalian fossils belongs to a small furry species, Hadrocodium wui, that lived 195 million years ago. For the following 100 million years, only a small number of groups of mammalian fossils are found in the fossil record. By 65 million years ago, the nonavian dinosaurs were extinct. By 55 million years ago, there were 130 mammal genera, including 4,000 different species that occupied a wide variety of habitats.
Which of the following best describes the cause of the rapid increase in the number of mammalian species between 65 and 55 million years ago?
A
It took over 100 million years for enough random mutations to occur in the genomes of early mammals to provide the variation needed for the observed speciation.
B
It took over 100 million years for the early mammals to disperse over a wide enough geographic area to allow allopatric speciation to occur.
C
After the dinosaur extinction, many ecological niches became available, leading to the adaptive radiation of mammals.
D
After the dinosaur extinction, mammal population sizes increased, allowing species to become more easily detectable in the fossil record.

Rhagoletis pomonella is a parasitic fly native to North America that infests fruit trees. The female fly lays her eggs in the fruit. The larvae hatch and burrow through the developing fruit. The next year, the adult flies emerge.
Prior to the European colonization of North America, the major host of Rhagoletis was a native species of hawthorn, Crataegus marshallii. The domestic apple tree, Malus domestica, is not native to North America, but was imported by European settlers in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
When apple trees were first imported into North America, there was no evidence that Rhagoletis could use them as hosts. Apples set fruit earlier in the season and develop faster, where hawthorns set later and develop more slowly.
Recent analysis of Rhagoletis populations has shown that two distinct populations of flies have evolved from the original ancestral population of flies that were parasitic on hawthorns. One population infests only apple trees, and the other infests only hawthorns. The life cycles of both fly populations are coordinated with those of their host trees. The flies of each population apparently can distinguish and select mates with similar host preferences and reject mates from the population specific to the other host tree. There is very little hybridization (only about 5 percent) between the two groups.
Initially, which of the following isolating mechanisms is likely to have been the most important in preventing gene flow between the two populations of Rhagoletis?
A
Gamete incompatibility
B
Temporal isolation
C
Mechanical isolation
D
Reduced hybrid viability