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Question 1
Which of the following statements corresponds to the general definition of learning provided in Chapter 10? Pick the correct option.
a) Learning refers to a cognitive change that enables the individual to add knowledge.
b) Learning refers to the change in a person's behaviour in a given situation.
c) Learning refers to the ability to accumulate knowledge based on experience.
Question 2
What is the meaning of conditioning in learning theory?
a) It describes as the process of responding to external stimuli.
b) It is a general concept in learning theory that describes the conditions for learning.
c) It describes 'automatic' responses to stimuli.
Question 3
Reinforcement is an important concept in learning theory. Which statement is true about reinforcement?
a) Reinforcement deals with the use of punishment in stimulating preferred responses.
b) Reinforcement deals with the process of stimulating certain behaviours to occur.
c) Reinforcement deals with the use of power to stimulate behaviour.
Question 4
What are the basic assumptions of the information perspective on learning?
a) The information perspective uses the basic design of computers to build effective learning systems in organizations.
b) The information perspective describes the different types of information individuals use to take decisions.
c) It deals with how individuals process information and respond to the external world.
Question 5
Which of the following statements is true about the communities of practice perspective on learning?
a) It emphasizes the fact that learning is something individuals do.
b) The communities of practice perspective argues that learning takes place in social settings in which a shared world of practice is developed.
c) This perspective describes how cultures are developed.
Question 6
Why is the shift from the individual to the organizational level tricky in studying learning?
a) Learning is a concept connected to individuals; organizations, per se, cannot learn.
b) Since organizations consist of many individuals it is hard to capture all learning.
c) Due to political processes, individual learning processes can be distorted in organizations.
Question 7
Etzioni describes three types of organization in terms of their use of knowledge. Which are they?
a) Manufacturing organizations, service organizations and professional organizations
b) Professional organizations, service organizations and non-professional organizations
c) Professional organizations, public organizations and service organizations
Question 8
The distinction between expert and local knowledge is important in knowledge management theory. What is true about the two forms of knowledge?
a) Expert knowledge is typically protected by layers of procedures and routines that are out of reach for laymen.
b) Local knowledge is knowledge that is developed by individuals.
c) The two forms are synonyms.
Question 9
What is true about knowledge work?
a) It is all work that relies upon ready-made schemes and procedures.
b) It is any work performed by 'blue-collar' personnel.
c) It is work that requires formal education.
Question 10
Why is the concept of risk important in order to understand decision making in organizations?
a) It is important because risks related to different decision alternatives are known beforehand.
b) It is important because the possibility of different decision alternatives needs to be weighed against the risks that may arise.
c) The concept of risk highlights the human costs of decision making.