the field of study which examines patterns of growth, change and stability in behaviors that occur throughout life.
dev. of body including rian, nervous system, muscles, and senses and the need for food, drink and sleep.
ways growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a person's behavior
ways enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the lifespan
the way in which individual interactions w/ others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain the same over the lifespan.
a group of people born at around the same time in same place.
gradual dev. in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels.
development occurring at distinct steps or stages
a specific time in development when a particular event has its greatest consequence
point in dev. of an organism when they are particularity susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments- does not always produce irreversible consequences.
the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
broad explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest
Psychodynamic perspective
the approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts beyond individual's awareness and control
Freud-unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior
Erickson-dev. that encompasses changes both in the understandings of individual's self as members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others' behavior.
Freud- series of stages children pass through in which pleasure or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body part
form of learning: voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences
a formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
Social-cognitive learning theory
learning by observation of a "model,"another person's behavior
The approach that focuses on the process that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world.information processing approaches
the approach that suggest keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
type of learning: organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that usually does not bring that type of response
Information processing approaches
the model that seeks to identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information
cognitive neuroscience approaches
examine cognitive development through the lens of brain processes
Rogers theory - contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior
Theory- relationships btwn individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds
perspective suggests the the levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals
approach emphasizing cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
theory- seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance form ancestors
Process o posing and answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data.
prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested
research seeking to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists
Variable that researchers manipulate in an experiment
research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors
Naturalistic observatrion
a type of correlational study in which some naturally occurring behaviors are observed without intervention
studies involving extensive, in-depth interviews with a particular individual or small group of individuals
a process in which an investigator, called and experimenter devises two different experiences for participants
variable that researchers measure to see if it changes as a result of experiment manipulation
the group of participants chosen for teh experiment
Research carried out in a naturally occurring setting
a research investigation conducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to hold events constant
research designed to specifically test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge
research meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems
Research in which the behavior of one or more participants in a study is measured as they age
research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point of time
research in which researchers examine a number of different age groups over several points in time