A retention test typically follows a period of time after practice of a skill has ceased.

EXAM 1 Quiz questions:!

1.What are components of the environmental context? ""All of the above"!

2.Motor skills that require the performer to initiate a speciÞc action on an object according to

the object's motion are best categorized as:"Open motor skills"!

3.Which of the following does NOT describe a neuromotor process?""A process that is visible

to the naked eye"!

4.Whether or not an object must be manipulated is a skill characteristic in Gentile's taxonomy

of motor skills that is included in the "environmental context" dimension of the

taxonomy.true!

5.Gentile's taxonomy of motor skills includes which of the following factors as part of the

"environmental context" dimension? Intertrial variability"!

6.Shifting from second to third gear in a car with a manual transmission (stick shift) is an

example of which type of motor skill?""Serial motor skill"!

7.Skilled individuals are much less eûcient than less skilled individuals. False !

8.An eûective instructor would acknowledge that the best way to accomplish a task may vary

from one individual to another. True !

9.Returning a serve in tennis is an example of which of the following types of motor

skills?""Open motor skill"!

10.A researcher from the area of __________ would be interested in how massed versus

distributed practice inßuences the acquisition of a skill."Motor Learning"!

11.Which two events mark the beginning and the end of the interval known as reaction time

Stimulus signal and initiation of the response"!

12.Constant error (CE) refers to a person's performance bias during a series of trials. True !

13.Radial error (RE) would be the appropriate general accuracy measure to assess the

accuracy of a golf putt.true !

14.This brain activity measurement technique realigns hydrogen atoms in the body and may

provide clear 2D and 3D images of the brain.fMRI !

15.The measure of muscle activity that detects the lateral displacement of a muscle's belly

following maximal percutaneous neuromuscular stimulation is referred to as: Whole muscle

mechanomyography (wMMG)"!

16.Simple RT involves one signal and more than one possible response. false!

17.The change in spatial position of a limb is called: displacement !

18.Which of the following would be considered a performance outcome measure? The

distance a ball was kicked"!

19.This error measure evaluates"overall accuracy"during a series of trials. AE !

20.A physical therapist is helping a stroke patient relearn how to hold a fork. The patient drops

the fork Þve out of the ten trials. The patient is having a _______. Consistency problem"!

21.Use of a transfer test evaluates this performance characteristic associated with motor skill

learning: Adaptability !

22.The assessment of changes in coordination dynamics is one of several ways to assess

motor skill learning. true!

23.Practice performance provides a reliable means of determining how well a person will

perform in a transfer test situation. false!

24.If fatigue depresses practice performance, but not retention test performance, then fatigue

would be classiÞed as a: ""Performance variable"!

25.An important performance characteristic often associated with learning is that the person

becomes increasingly more capable of adapting performance of the skill to new

performance contexts and situations. true!

26.Performing the same skill one week after practice is required for this learning

assessment:"Retention test!

CPD Explained

CPD stands for Continuing Professional Development and is the term used to describe the learning activities professionals engage in to develop and enhance their abilities. CPD is a holistic approach towards the enhancement of personal skills and proficiency throughout a professional’s career.

What is CPD?

Continuing Professional Development is a commitment to ongoing lifelong learning. CPD encourages looking forward and identifying opportunities to learn something new, refresh existing knowledge, improve skills, or simply keep up-to-date with the latest developments within a particular profession or industry.

In practice, CPD can mean everything from taking a training course or attending an educational event, to studying for new qualifications or learning new aspects of a job.

Continuing Professional Development enables learning to become conscious and proactive, rather than passive and reactive. It involves an individual documenting and keeping a record of the increasing skills, knowledge and experience they gain throughout their career.

CPD combines different methodologies to learning, which includes training courses, seminars, workshops, conferences and events, webinars and online eLearning programs. CPD can also include sharing best practice techniques, thoughts and ideas, all focused towards an individual improving within the work environment.

More about CPD

Engaging in CPD activities ensures that both academic and practical qualifications do not become outdated or obsolete, and allows for individuals to continually ‘up skill’ or ‘re-skill’ themselves regardless of their occupation, age or educational level.

Continuing Professional Development is an ongoing process of frequently improving skills and competencies to enhance workplace performance and future career prospects.

Different methods of CPD learning

There is no one-size-fits all approach to CPD, however a blended approach to learning that incorporates a full range of different types of CPD can increase chances of knowledge retention and engagement. From experience, we advise that at least 50% of Continuing Professional Development be completed in a structured CPD / active learning environment. The remaining learning can be balanced across both reflective and self-directed types of CPD.

Training Courses

A CPD training course is the most well-known method of completing Continuing Professional Development, and can vary in length from one day up to several days or over several weeks. Training courses will often be specific to one subject or offer skills in a particular area of industry.

CPD training courses can also sometimes encompass others forms of learning such as lectures, seminars and workshops, and can be delivered either in-person such as classroom style, or online, or even possibly a hybrid of both.

Seminars

A seminar is a type of short course and typically only a few hours long up to one day. CPD seminars provide an opportunity to focus on a particular subject matter in detail. They are usually conducted in a group setting with no more than 20 participants.

CPD seminars will typically include group work, activities and interactive discussion, in order to allow individuals to contribute which can lead to better retention of knowledge.

Seminars can also be a chance for individuals to network with others from different areas of their own industry or other sectors. 

Workshops

A workshop is an interactive educational group session typically involving between 1 to 3 days of learning. Workshops and seminars are similar, but there are a few key differences.

CPD workshops are less theoretical and tend to offer a more hands-on, practical skills approach to learning which may include practical exercises, breakout sessions and role plays. Workshop groups are usually smaller than seminars.

As CPD workshops are primarily activity and exercise based, it gives the group a chance to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical context and offers a hands-on approach to enhancing skills and knowledge. 

Webinars

Webinars are an online learning activity held virtually and attended by an online audience. Often, the main objective of a CPD webinar is to educate and inform professionals in a short and concise manner about new and relevant information.

CPD webinars can provide opportunity to interact and participate, ask questions to the hosts, complete polls or surveys, and share documents between attendees. CPD webinars are useful in that they do not require attendance at an in-person event and therefore provide opportunity for wider, often international, participation.

Events

There are number of different forms of learning that can be considered CPD events. For instance, there could be a live speaker session delivered in the format of a guest presentation or a panel discussion.

Other forms of CPD events includes conferences, usually held at venues, beginning with a keynote session and then offering breakout learning by topic. Seminars and workshops may also feature as part of wider CPD events.

Organisations may also choose to host or sponsor a particular industry trade show which are usually held in large spaces, with hundreds of products and services being showcased, and in doing so may add an educational CPD learning opportunity within the trade show itself.

Online Courses

Online CPD courses are an increasingly popular method of learning, and can offer convenience and affordability, in that there is no need to attend an in-person event and course materials can be shared free online.

Online courses offer flexibility for individuals to participate at a suitable time and schedule around other work and family commitments.

In many instances, online CPD courses can be spread over a period of time rather than requiring participation on a given day.

CPD for Individuals

CPD encourages individuals to maintain consistent and high standards, as well as making it easier to demonstrate commitment and dedication towards a particular job role or profession.

CPD offers a functional platform for individuals to build a career progression plan that supports their objectives towards new job openings, development within an existing role, or even possibly higher earnings opportunities.

CPD can be an excellent self-motivation tool, acting as a reminder of personal achievements and progression over time. CPD provides flexibility and diversity in terms of different methods of learning available so each individual can find a learning style that suits them best. To that extent a professional is able to find much greater appreciation for the positive impact they can make at work. 

CPD for Organisations

All organisations that face competition need to find new ways to retain key staff and help differentiate themselves as leaders in their industry. CPD can be used to advance the body of knowledge, skills and technology within an organisation. The application of CPD in the workplace shows a mindful decision and commitment towards both clients and employees that professionalism is important.

Organisations are able to recognise that Continuing Professional Development can be used to ensure quality levels remain high across all departments. CPD can help to identify potential skill gaps in the workplace, and highlight areas where the business can be improved. CPD encourages a healthy learning culture which can lead to a more fulfilled and valuable workforce.

Continuing Professional Development should be used to attract a higher level of candidates when recruiting for new roles, by encouraging better talent towards the organisation. CPD is a tool for improvements in business performance and efficiency, whilst also helping staff with their individual learning requirements.

What is accredited CPD training?

Accredited CPD training means the learning activity has reached the required Continuing Professional Development standards and benchmarks. The learning value has been scrutinised to ensure integrity and quality. The CPD Certification Service provides recognised independent CPD accreditation compatible with global CPD requirements.

"Commit yourself to lifelong learning. The most valuable asset you'll ever have is your mind and what you put into it."

"Education's responsibility is to replace an empty mind with an open one."

"Gold has a price, but learning is priceless."

"Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young."

"Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere."

"Education is the key to unlocking the world, a passport to freedom."

"The beautiful thing about learning is nobody can take it away from you."

"Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance."

"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire."

"It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop."

"Living is easy with eyes closed, misunderstanding all you see."

"Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever."

"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."

"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act, but a habit."

"The noblest pleasure is the joy of understanding."

"Mistakes are great, the more I make the smarter I get."

"Teaching is only demonstrating that it is possible. Learning is making it possible for yourself."

"You do not learn to walk by following rules. You learn by doing, and falling over."

"For the best return on your money, pour your purse into your head."

"I am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it."

"Every time man makes a new experiment he always learns more. He cannot learn less."

"Education is the movement from darkness to light."

"Light up the darkness."

"You cannot open a book without learning something."

"Education is not preparation; education is life itself."

"In learning you will teach, and in teaching you will learn."

"Learning never exhausts the mind."

"Science is organised knowledge. Wisdom is organised life."

"I had six honest men. They taught me all I knew. Their names were: Where, What, When, Why, How and Who."

"I am learning all the time. The tombstone will be my diploma."

"I was obliged to be industrious. Whoever is equally industrious will succeed equally well."

"Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is."

"You can never be overdressed or overeducated."

"Much to learn, you still have."

"The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be ignited."

"Real learning comes about when the competitive spirit has ceased."

"A man, though wise, should never be ashamed of learning more, and must unbend his mind."

"You don't understand anything until you learn it more than one way."

"Wisdom comes not from age, but from education and learning."

"Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel."

"I am still learning."

"It is the art of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it."

"Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens."

"It’s taken me all my life to learn what not to play."

"Learning is an experience. Everything else is just information."

"The capacity to learn is a gift; the ability to learn is a skill; the willingness to learn is a choice."

"We are born not to be perfect, but to learn and reflect from imperfections"

"Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think."

"The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet."

"All the world is my school and all humanity is my teacher."

"Learn everything you can, anytime you can, from anyone you can. There will always come a time when you will be grateful you did."

What is a retention test?

What is a Transfer test in Motor learning?

What is persistence in Motor learning?

Which type of performance curve shows larger increases in performance during early practice trials than in later trials?