Based on the expectancy theory, managers who want to motivate their employees should Show All of the above. [ Based on the expectancy theory, managers who want to motivate their employees should determine the rewards valued by each employee, link rewards to performance, determine what factors might counteract the effectiveness of a reward, make sure the rewards are adequate for the level of performance. ] Expert answered|Ishm|Points 24935| Asked 1/25/2021 3:37:28 PM 0 Answers/Comments This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Rating There are no new answers. Learning Outcomes
Expectancy theory, initially put forward by Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management, suggests that behavior is motivated by anticipated results or consequences. Vroom proposed that a person decides to behave in a certain way based on the expected result of the chosen behavior. For example, people will be willing to work harder if they think the extra effort will be rewarded. In essence, individuals make choices based on estimates of how well the expected results of a given behavior are going to match up with or eventually lead to the desired results. This process begins in childhood and continues throughout a person’s life. Expectancy theory has three components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
Expectancy theory, when properly followed, can help managers understand how individuals are motivated to choose among various behavioral alternatives. To enhance the connection between performance and outcomes, managers should use systems that tie rewards very closely to performance. They can also use training to help employees improve their abilities and believe that added effort will, in fact, lead to better performance. Practice QuestionIt’s important to understand that expectancy theory can run aground if managers interpret it too simplistically. Vroom’s theory entails more than just the assumption that people will work harder if they think the effort will be rewarded. The reward needs to be meaningful and take valence into account. Valence has a significant cultural as well as personal dimension, as illustrated by the following case. ASMO in JapanWhen Japanese motor company ASMO opened a plant in the U.S., it brought with it a large Japanese workforce but hired American managers to oversee operations. The managers, thinking to motivate their workers with a reward system, initiated a costly employee-of-the-month program that included free parking and other perks. However, the program was a huge flop, and participation was disappointingly low. Why? The program required employees to nominate their coworkers to be considered for the award. Japanese culture values modesty, teamwork, and conformity, and to be put forward or singled out for being special is considered inappropriate and even shameful. To be named Employee of the Month would be a very great embarrassment indeed—not at all the reward that management assumed. Especially as companies become more culturally diverse, the lesson is that managers need to get to know their employees and their needs—their unique valences—if they want to understand what makes them feel motivated, happy, and valued. Contribute!Did you have an idea for improving this content? We’d love your input. Improve this pageLearn More How does expectancy theory motivate employees?Managers can use the expectancy theory to motivate employees by expressing trust in their abilities to handle their duties, despite perceived difficulty and control. Reward high-performing team members and encourage others to improve effort and performance.
How does expectancy theory apply to the employees in the workplace?According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, the employee must believe the task is achievable, in order for them to put the effort into it. If the task is doable, the employee will be keen to perform well in anticipation of the bonus (Expectancy).
Which of the following is the focus of the expectancy theory?This theory stresses upon the expectations and perception; what is real and actual is immaterial. It emphasizes on rewards or pay-offs.
What is an example of expectancy theory?Vroom proposed that a person decides to behave in a certain way based on the expected result of the chosen behavior. For example, people will be willing to work harder if they think the extra effort will be rewarded.
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