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If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Imperialism and Nation-State Formation (1750-1900 CE)States began to industrialize, expanded their existing colonies overseas, and established new colonies. This expansion led to and affected diplomacy and warfare during modern empire-building. Colonial empires were established with Britain, France, Holland, Scandinavia, Portugal and Spain between 1500 and 1800. Italy, Germany, Belgium and Russia began to colonize between 1870 and 1914. There was a massive increase of European influence as Europe led the empire-building process, although the United States and Japan were also active participants. China and India adopted western scientific ideas, technology and western education to produce scientists. Empire-building challenged Eurasia's power of their land-based empires. Imperialism was facilitated by new concepts of race, gender, nationalism, class, and culture. It also led to anti-imperial resistance and the creation of new national identities. Russian resistance to
Sweden The Internet Modern History Sourcebook's section on Imperialism has links to sources for China, Japan, India, Africa, and the Middle East.
What are the similarities & differences between colonialism and imperialism?
Differences:
Image depicting differences between Colonialism and Imperialism I. Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires.Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria's changing empire
A. States with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies.
[Teach one illustrative example of states with existing colonies, either from the list that follows or an example of your choice: British in India, Dutch in Indonesia] Link to more information on British Imperialism in Asia and the British Raj in India Malala of Maiwand
B. European states, as well as the Americans and the Japanese, established empires throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined.
Visualizing Empires Decline shows the progression of empires of Britain, France, Spain and Portugal from 1800 to 2009. See also Visualizing Empires Decline Revisited. C. Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to establish empires in Africa. [Teach one illustrative example of European States that established empires in Africa, either from the list that follows or an example of your choice: Britain in West Africa, Belgium in the Congo] Berlin Conference to divide Africa between the European powers, 1885 The Berlin Conference in 1884 was called to divide African colonies among various European powers. The Berlin Conference This site explains the Berlin Conference in detail and provides instruction for a classroom group activity. It also provides several resources such as maps and Library of Congress Papers. This Model UN guide gives a thorough overview of the Berlin Conference. Could be combined with the previous guide for an activity. There were limited amounts of successful resistance. One of the most notable instances of this was in Ethiopia. The battle of Adwa was between Italian and Ethiopian forces. King Menelik II lead the Ethiopians to victory. They were one of the few areas in Africa that managed to avoid imperialism. The Europeans had made extensive improvements to firearms in the 1860's and 70's, which culminated in the development of the Maxim machine gun, which could easily gun down hundreds of soldiers. Europeans, particularly the British, would line up in long rows in battle with the Africans. One row would fire, then get down and reload while another row opened fire. The longer range and greater accuracy of the rifles could decimate African armies. Menelik reorganized his army in the style of these Europeans, allowing him to defeat the invading Italians. Much smaller European armies could win against huge African armies due to the gap in technology. King Leopold and the Congo
What methods and tactics did industrialized states use to establish and expand their empires?
D. In some parts of their empires, Europeans established settler colonies.[Teach one illustrative example of Europeans who established settler colonies, either from the list that follows or an example of your choice: The British in southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand; The French in Algeria] E. In other parts of the world, industrialized states practiced economic imperialism. For example. the British imposed heavy tax rates without the say of the colonists, such that the economy of the U.S. was controlled almost exclusively by the intervention of the British government. It was this economic imperialism that eventually led to the revolutionary war for independence.
II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.
B. The United States and Russia emulated European transoceanic imperialism by expanding their land borders and conquering neighboring territories.
C. Anti-imperial resistance led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire.
[Teach one illustrative example of the contraction of the Ottoman Empire, either from the list that follows or an example of your choice: The establishment of independent states in the Balkans, Semi-independence in Egypt, French and Italian colonies in North Africa, Later British influence in Egypt] Link to developments in the Middle East before World War II D. New states developed on the edges of existing empires.
[Teach one illustrative example of such new states, either from the list that follows or an example of your choice: The Cherokee Nation, Siam, Hawai'i, The Zulu Kingdom] E. The development and spread of nationalism as an ideology fostered new communal identities.Nationalism; a feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country often people take an ethnocentrism towards their own country. III. New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism.
A way to justify the Anglo/Western supremacy was the process of eugenics. Eugenics is the study and belief that the human population can be enhanced by discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable and undesirable traits. The Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement is a large, interactive collection of Sterilization Laws, the social and scientific origins of
the movement, and diary excerpts from eugenicists. Social DarwinismAlthough the term "Social Darwinism" did not come about until far after Charles Darwin's On the Origin of the Species (1859), the school of thought was in existence before Darwin's work.
The children's book An ABC for Baby Patriots by Mrs. Earnest Ames helps show a mindset towards imperialism, and how that mindset could be taught at an early age. Also note that the author goes by her husband's name.
How did imperialism impact the process of state building in the 1750 to 1900 time period?Imperialism and Nation-State Formation (1750-1900 CE) States began to industrialize, expanded their existing colonies overseas, and established new colonies. This expansion led to and affected diplomacy and warfare during modern empire-building.
What were the effects of imperialism from 1750 to 1900?Thesis: From 1750-1900 the effects of European imperialism led to the birth of nationalism within the colonies and colonists who led movements against , the exploitation of the land, labor and capital of Africa and Asia .
What were the impacts of imperialism during the 19th century?Imperialism adversely affected the colonies. Under foreign rule, native culture and industry were destroyed. Imported goods wiped out local craft industries. By using colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods, colonial powers held back the colonies from developing industries.
What impact did imperialism have on Industrialisation?Imperial influences have often stunted local industrialisation in the periphery, while promoting industry only to the extent that it benefited the base of imperial power. These trends are seen across countries, whether they were subjected to direct or indirect imperial rule.
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