Learning Objectives
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A manager’s primary challenge is to solve problems creatively. While drawing from a variety of academic disciplines, and to help managers respond to the challenge of creative problem solving, principles of
management have long been categorized into the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the P-O-L-C framework). The four functions, summarized in the P-O-L-C figure, are actually highly integrated when carried out in the day-to-day realities of running an organization. Therefore, you should not get caught up in trying to analyze and understand a complete, clear rationale for categorizing skills and practices that compose the whole of the P-O-L-C framework. Figure 1.7 The P-O-L-C Framework Planning Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for
achieving those objectives. Planning requires that managers be aware of environmental conditions facing their organization and forecast future conditions. It also requires that managers be good decision makers. Organizing Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of the organization is the framework within which effort is coordinated. The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an
organization are generally referred to as organizational design decisions. Leading Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. If managers are effective leaders,
their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives. Controlling Controlling involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards. Controlling consists of three steps, which include (1) establishing performance standards, (2) comparing actual performance against standards, and (3) taking corrective action when necessary. Performance standards are often stated in monetary terms such as revenue, costs, or profits but may also be stated in other terms, such
as units produced, number of defective products, or levels of quality or customer service. Key Takeaway The principles of management can be distilled down to four critical functions. These functions are planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling. This P-O-L-C framework provides useful guidance into what the ideal job of a manager should look like. Exercises
Licenses and AttributionsWhat involves determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them?Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives.
When managers motivate and inspire workers to achieve organizational goals this is an important aspect of?3. Leading. Leading consists of motivating employees and influencing their behavior to achieve organizational objectives.
What is defined as motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational goals?Directing is motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives. Controlling is the process of evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course.
Which management function involves evaluating employee performance?Performance management is a corporate management tool that helps managers monitor and evaluate employees' work.
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