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27.3.1. Kickstart Commands and Options Sets up the authentication options for the system using the When using
OpenLDAP with the
autopart (optional) Automatically creates partitions: a root ( The
autostep (optional) Normally, Kickstart installations skip unnecessary screens. This option makes the installation program step through every screen, displaying each briefly. This option should not be used when deploying a system because it can disrupt package installation.
bootloader (required)
Specifies how the boot loader should be installed. Red Hat recommends setting up a boot loader password on every system. An unprotected boot loader can allow a potential attacker to modify the system's boot options and gain unauthorized access to the system. Device names in the
You could use an entry similar to one of the following:
This way the command will always target the same storage device. This is especially useful in large storage environments. See the chapter about persistent storage device naming in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Storage Administration Guide for more in-depth information about different ways to consistently refer to storage devices. In some cases, a special partition is required to install the boot loader on 64-bit AMD, Intel, and ARM systems. The type and size of this partition depends on whether the disk you are installing the boot loader to uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) or a GUID Partition Table (GPT) schema. For more information, see Section 8.14.1, “Boot Loader Installation”.
btrfs (optional) Create a Btrfs volume or subvolume. For a volume, the syntax is:
One or more partitions can be specified in partitions. When specifying more than one partitions, the entries must be separated by a single space. See Example 27.1, “Creating Btrfs Volumes and Subvolumes” for a demonstration. For a subvolume, the syntax is:
parent should be the identifier of the subvolume's parent volume and mntpoint is the location where the file system is mounted.
The following example shows how to create a Btrfs volume from member partitions on three disks with subvolumes for Example 27.1. Creating Btrfs Volumes and Subvolumes
clearpart (optional) Removes partitions from the system, prior to creation of new partitions. By default, no partitions are removed. Device names in the
You could use an entry similar to one of the following:
This way the command will always target the same storage device. This is especially useful in large storage environments. See the chapter about persistent storage device naming in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Storage Administration Guide for more in-depth information about different ways to consistently refer to storage devices. If the
Using the cmdline (optional) Perform the installation in a completely non-interactive command line mode. Any prompt for interaction halts the installation. This mode is useful on IBM Z systems with the x3270 terminal. See Section 21.4, “Parameters for Kickstart Installations”. For a fully automatic installation, you must either specify one of the available modes ( device (optional) On most PCI systems, the installation program automatically detects Ethernet and SCSI cards.
However, on older systems and some PCI systems, Kickstart requires a hint to find the proper devices. The
driverdisk (optional)
Driver disks can be used during Kickstart installations to provide additional drivers not included by default. You must copy the driver disks's contents to the root directory of a partition on the system's hard drive. Then, you must use the
Alternatively, a network location can be specified for the driver disk:
Driver disks can also be loaded from a hard
disk drive or a similar device instead of being loaded over the network or from
Replace DD with a specific label and replace dd.rpm with a specific name. Use anything supported
by the eula (optional) Use this option to accept the End User License Agreement (EULA) without user interaction. Specifying this option prevents Initial Setup from prompting you to accept the license agreement after you finish the installation and reboot the system for the first time. See Chapter 30, Initial Setup for more information.
fcoe (optional) Specify which FCoE devices should be activated automatically in addition to those discovered by Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD).
firewall (optional) Specify the firewall configuration for the installed system.
firstboot (optional) Determine whether the Initial Setup application starts the first time the system is booted. If enabled, the initial-setup package must be installed. If not specified, this option is disabled by default.
group (optional) Creates a new user group on the
system. If a group with the given name or GID already exists, this command fails. In addition, the
graphical (optional) Perform the installation in graphical mode. This is the default. For a fully automatic installation, you must either specify one of the available modes ( halt (optional) Halt the system after the installation has successfully completed. This is similar to a manual installation, where Anaconda displays a message and waits for the user to press a key before rebooting. During a Kickstart installation, if no completion method is specified, this option is used as the default. The
For other completion methods, see the ignoredisk (optional) Causes the installation program to ignore the specified disks. This is useful if you use automatic partitioning and want to be sure that some disks are ignored. For example, without
where driveN is one of Device names in the
You could use an entry similar to one of the following:
This way the command will always target the same storage device. This is especially useful in large storage environments. See the chapter about persistent storage device naming in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Storage Administration Guide for more in-depth information about different ways to consistently refer to storage devices. To ignore a multipath device that does not use logical volume management (LVM), use the format
Never specify multipath devices by device names like
install (optional) The default installation mode. You must specify the type of installation from
iscsi (optional)
Specifies additional iSCSI storage to be attached during installation. If you
use the We recommend that wherever possible you configure iSCSI storage in the system BIOS or firmware (iBFT for Intel systems) rather than use the If you must use the
iscsiname (optional) Assigns a name to an iSCSI node specified by the iscsi parameter. If you use the %addon com_redhat_kdump (optional) This command configures the kdump kernel crash dumping mechanism. The syntax for this command is unusual because it is an add-on rather than a built-in Kickstart command. For more information about add-ons, see Section 27.3.7, “Kickstart Add-ons”. Kdump is a kernel crash dumping mechanism that allows you to save the contents of the system's memory for later analysis. It relies on kexec, which can be used to boot a Linux kernel from the context of another kernel without rebooting the system, and preserve the contents of the first kernel's memory that would otherwise be lost. In case of a system crash, kexec boots into a second kernel (a capture kernel). This capture kernel resides in a reserved part of the system memory that is inaccessible to the first kernel. Kdump then captures the contents of the crashed kernel's memory (a crash dump) and saves it to a
specified location. The location cannot be configured using this Kickstart command; it must be configured after the installation by editing the Available options are:
keyboard (required) Sets one or more available keyboard layouts for the system.
The following example sets up two keyboard layouts (
Either the lang (required) Sets the language to use during installation and the default language to use on the installed system. For example, to set the language to English, the Kickstart file should contain the following line:
The file Certain languages (for example, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Indic languages) are not supported during text-mode installation. If you specify one of these languages with the
logging (optional) Controls the error logging of Anaconda during installation. It has no effect on the installed system.
logvol (optional)
Do not use the dash ( This limitation only applies to newly
created logical volume and volume group names. If you are reusing existing ones using the
The options are as follows:
Create the partition first, create the logical volume group, and then create the logical volume. For example:
Create the partition first, create the logical volume group, and then create the logical volume to occupy 90% of the remaining space in the volume group. For example:
mediacheck (optional) If given, this command forces the installation program to perform a media check ( mount (optional) Assigns a mount point to an existing block device, and optionally reformats it to a given format. mount [--reformat [REFORMAT]] [--mkfsoptions MKFS_OPTS] [--mountoptions MOUNT_OPTS] device mntpoint Unlike most other storage configuration commands in Kickstart, You can not use
Mandatory arguments:
Optional arguments:
network (optional)
Configures network information for the target system and activates network devices in the installation environment. The device specified in the first There are several types of network device naming standards used to identify network devices with persistent names such as
nvdimm (optional) Performs an action on Non-Volatile Dual In-line Memory Module (NVDIMM) devices. This command uses the following format:
By default, all NVDIMM devices are ignored by the installer. You must use the The following actions are available:
%addon org_fedora_oscap (optional) The OpenSCAP installer add-on is used to apply SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol) content - security policies - on the installed system. This add-on has been enabled by default since Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2. When enabled, the packages necessary to provide this functionality will automatically be installed. However, by default, no policies are enforced, meaning that no checks are performed during or after installation unless specifically configured. Applying a security policy is not necessary on all systems. This screen should only be used when a specific policy is mandated by your organization rules or government regulations. Unlike most other commands, this add-on does not accept regular
options, but uses key-value pairs in the body of the The following keys are recognized by the add-on:
The following is an example Example 27.2. Sample OpenSCAP Add-on Definition Using SCAP Security Guide
The following is a more complex example which loads a custom profile from a web server: Example 27.3. Sample OpenSCAP Add-on Definition Using a Datastream
part or partition (required) Creates a partition on the system. All partitions created are formatted as part of the installation process unless Device names in the
You could use an entry similar to one of the following:
This way the command will always target the same storage device. This is especially useful in large storage environments. See the chapter about persistent storage device naming in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Storage Administration Guide for more in-depth information about different ways to consistently refer to storage devices.
If partitioning fails for any reason, diagnostic messages appear on virtual console 3. poweroff (optional) Shut down and power off the system after the installation has successfully completed. Normally during a manual installation, Anaconda
displays a message and waits for the user to press a key before rebooting. During a Kickstart installation, if no completion method is specified, the The The For other completion methods, see the raid (optional) Assembles a software RAID device. This command is of the form:
The
following example shows how to create a RAID level 1 partition for Example 27.4. Using the raid Kickstart command
realm (optional) Join an Active Directory or IPA domain. For more
information about this command, see the
reboot (optional) Reboot after the installation is successfully completed (no arguments). Normally, Kickstart displays a message and waits for the user to press a key before rebooting. The Specify For other completion methods, see the The Use of the
repo (optional) Configures additional yum repositories that can be used as sources
for package installation. You can add multiple
Repositories used for installation must be stable. The installation can fail if a repository is modified before the installation concludes. rescue (optional) Automatically enters the installation program's rescue mode. This gives you a chance to repair the system in case of any problems.
reqpart (optional) Automatically creates partitions required by your hardware platform. These include a
This command cannot be used toegether with rootpw (required) Sets the system's root password to the password argument.
selinux (optional) Sets the state of SELinux on the
installed system. The default SELinux policy is
services (optional) Modifies the default set of services that will run under the default systemd target. The list of disabled services is processed before the list of enabled services. Therefore, if a service appears on both lists, it will be enabled.
Do not include spaces in the list of services. If you do, Kickstart will enable or disable only the services up to the first space. For example:
disables only the shutdown (optional) Shut down the system after the installation has successfully completed. During a Kickstart installation, if no completion method is specified, the The For other completion methods, see the skipx (optional) If present, X is not configured on the installed system. If you install a display manager among your package selection options, this package creates an X configuration, and the installed system defaults
to snapshot (optional) Using the To create multiple snapshots, add the snapshots vg_name/lv_name --name=snapshot_name --when=pre-install|post-install
sshpw (optional) During the installation, you can interact with the installation program and monitor its progress over an
By default, the If you want to disable root
To simply disable root text (optional)
Perform the Kickstart installation in text mode. Kickstart installations are performed in graphical mode by default. For a fully automatic installation, you must either specify one of the available modes ( timezone (required) Sets the system time zone to timezone.
Starting with Red Hat Entrerprise Linux 7.5, time zone names are validated using the unsupported_hardware (optional) Tells the installation program to suppress the Unsupported Hardware Detected alert. If this command is not included and unsupported hardware is detected, the installation stalls at this alert. user (optional) Creates a new user on the system.
Files and directories are created with various permissions, dictated by the application used to create the file or directory. For example, the The vnc (optional) Allows the graphical installation to be viewed remotely through VNC. This method is usually preferred over text mode, as there are some size and language limitations in text installations. With no additional options, this command starts a VNC server on the installation system with no password and displays the details required to connect to it.
For more information about VNC installations, including instructions on how to connect to the installation system, see Chapter 25, Using VNC. volgroup (optional) Creates a Logical Volume Management (LVM) group.
Do not use the dash (
This limitation only applies to newly created logical volume and volume group names. If you are reusing existing ones using the The options are as follows:
Create the partition first, then create the logical volume group, and then create the logical volume. For example:
xconfig (optional) Configures the X Window System. If you install the X Window System with a Kickstart file that does not include the Do not use this command in a Kickstart file that does not install the X Window System.
zerombr (optional) The
On IBM Z, if If If zfcp (optional) Define a Fibre channel device. This option only applies on IBM Z. All of the options described below must be specified.
For example:
%include (optional) Use the Which Windows RE tool should be used if you suspect the hard drive is corrupted?Windows provides a utility tool known as chkdsk that can correct most errors on a storage disk. The chkdsk utility must be run from an administrator command prompt to perform its work.
What command can be used to scan for Windows installations not stored in the BCD?The bootrec command will search for Windows installations not included in the BCD and then ask you if you'd like to add one or more to it. You should see one of the following messages at the command line. Scanning all disks for Windows installations.
Which tab in Task Manager can be used to manage programs that load with Windows?In Windows 8 and 10, the Task Manager has a Startup tab to manage which applications run on startup. On most Windows computers, you can access the Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc, then clicking the Startup tab. Select any program in the list and click the Disable button if you don't want it to run on startup.
What is the SFC tool and how can it be used to identify files that may need manual replacement?What is the SFC tool, and how can it be used to identify files that may need manual replacement? The SFC tool is a command to restore critical windows system files. It can be used to restore registry files using those saved in the C: drive under RegBack folder.
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