What is the first thing an investigator must do when arriving at a crime scene quizlet?

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-Establish Lawful Authority to Search

-The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

-Important Case Law : Mincey v Arizona 437 U.S. 385 (1978)
Michigan v. Tyler 436 U.S. 499 (1978)

To conduct a crime scene investigation the investigator must obtain a search warrant, or have obtained consent from the 'property owner'.

a. Assess the victim(s) for signs of life and medical needs and provide immediate medical attention.

b. Call for medical personnel.

c. Guide medical personnel to the victim to minimize contamination/alteration of the crime scene.

d. Point out potential physical evidence to medical personnel, instruct them to minimize contact with such evidence (e.g., ensure that medical personnel preserve all clothing and personal effects without cutting through bullet holes, knife tears), and document movement of persons or items by medical personnel.

e. Instruct medical personnel not to "clean up" the scene and to avoid removal or alteration of items originating from the scene.

f. If medical personnel arrived first, obtain the name, unit, and telephone number of attending personnel, and the name and location of the medical facility where the victim is to be taken.

g. If there is a chance the victim may die, attempt to obtain "dying declaration." In some instances, fingerprint and shoe impressions of medical personnel may need to be taken for elimination purposes.

h. Document any statements/comments made by victims, suspects, or witnesses at the scene.

i. If the victim or suspect is transported to a medical facility, send a law enforcement official with the victim or suspect to document any comments made and preserve evidence. (If no officers are available to accompany the victim/suspect, stay at the scene and request medical personnel to preserve evidence and document any comments made by the victim or suspect.)

j. Safeguard evidence, such as a weapon, that is taken into custody. Follow chain-of-custody procedures as soon as the evidence is confiscated.

a. Establish boundaries of the scene(s), starting at the focal point and extending outward to include:
• Where the crime occurred.
• Potential points and paths of exit and entry of suspects and witnesses.
• Places where the victim/evidence may have been moved (be aware of trace and impression evidence while assessing the scene).

b. Secure the scene. Set up physical barriers (e.g., ropes, cones, crime scene barrier tape, available vehicles, personnel, other equipment) or use existing boundaries (e.g., doors, walls, gates).

c. Document the entry/exit of all people entering and leaving the scene, once boundaries have been established.

d. Protect the scene. Control the flow of personnel and animals entering and leaving the scene to maintain integrity of the scene.

e. Institute measures to preserve/protect evidence that may be lost or compromised (e.g., protect from the elements (rain, snow, wind) and from footsteps, tire tracks, sprinklers).

f. Document the original location of the victim or any objects that you observe being moved.

g. Consider search and seizure issues to determine the necessity of obtaining consent to search and/or obtaining a search warrant.

smoke, chew tobacco, use the telephone or bathroom, eat or drink, move any items from the scene including weapons (unless necessary for the safety and well-being of persons at the scene), adjust the thermostat or open windows or doors (maintain scene as found), touch anything unnecessarily (note and document any items moved), reposition moved items, litter, or spit within the established boundaries of the scene. Do not allow suspect to use bathroom facilities, or to alter his/her appearance, including brushing hair or washing hands.

a. Converse with the first responder(s) regarding observations/activities.

b. Evaluate safety issues that may affect all personnel entering the scene(s) (e.g., blood-borne pathogens, hazards).

c. Evaluate search and seizure issues to determine the necessity of obtaining consent to search and/or obtain a search warrant.

d. Evaluate and establish a path of entry/exit to the scene to be utilized by authorized personnel.

e. Evaluate initial scene boundaries.

f. Determine the number/size of scene(s) and prioritize.

g. Establish a secure area within close proximity to the scene(s) for the purpose of consultation and equipment staging.

h. If multiple scenes exist, establish and maintain communication with personnel at those locations.

i. Establish a secure area for temporary evidence storage in accordance with rules of evidence/chain of custody.

j. Determine and request additional investigative resources as required (e.g., personnel/specialized units, legal consultation/ prosecutors, equipment).

k. Ensure continued scene integrity (e.g., document entry/exit of authorized personnel, prevent unauthorized access to the scene).

l. Ensure that witnesses to the incident are identified and separated (e.g., obtain valid ID).

m. Ensure the surrounding area is canvassed and the results are documented.

n. Ensure preliminary documentation/photography of the scene, injured persons and vehicles.

a. Avoid contaminating the scene by using the established path of entry.

b. Consider whether personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used.

c. Prepare preliminary documentation (e.g. notes, rough sketches) of the scene as observed.

d. Identify and protect fragile and/or perishable evidence (e.g., consider climatic conditions, crowds/hostile environment). Ensure that all evidence that may be compromised is immediately documented, photographed and collected.

e. When involved in the initial walkthrough, note the condition of the scene. Record relevant observations, which may include things such as:
• Ceilings
• Doors, including entry and exit points: Are they open, closed, locked or forced open? On which side was the key?
• Windows: Are they open or closed? Is there broken glass? Were they locked or forced open? • Lights: On or off? If left on, which lights were on?
• Shades or shutters: Open or closed?
• Floors/Rugs
• Interior lighting conditions
• Odors: Cigarette smoke, gas, powder, perfume, etc.
• Description of perpetrator (when present)
• Description of crime-related people present
• Description of emergency medical or search-and-rescue personnel present
• Weapons observed
• Furniture present, including location relative to victim, as applicable and overall scene
• Signs of activity: Meal preparation, dishes in sink, condition of housekeeping (clean, dirty or items in disarray), appliances left on, television/stereo left on (note the channel), etc.
• Date and time indicators: Mail, newspapers, dates on milk cartons, stopped clocks, spoiled foods, items that should have been hot or cold, but are at room temperature • Temperature of the room and environmental conditions

f. Develop a general theory of the crime

a. The officer monitoring the log, the "Log Officer," is assigned the task by the Supervising Officer and is responsible for completing this task and monitoring the log at all times. The Log Officer is responsible for ensuring that the log is filled out thoroughly and anyone entering the scene has a stated purpose there.

b. Position the log so that it is clearly visible. Set up the log for people to use when arriving to and departing from the scene. Record the following information about the crime scene:
• Crime scene location
• Name of witnesses
• Name of victims
• Name of persons taken into custody
• Name of first responders and approximate arrival times
• Name of Supervising Officer and approximate arrival time (approximate time should be used if arrival time was before the log was established)

c. Record the information below for each person at the scene. If not using an official log book or forms, leave spaces where this information can be recorded:
• Arrival date
• Time of arrival
• Name
• Identification and Unit numbers
• Organization (if not with the investigating department)
• Reason for being at the scene Log information should include:
• The arrival and departure times of all personnel at the crime scene, including the Coroner or Medical Examiner, crime scene technicians, and State's Attorney.
• Information about: who is at the crime scene and why they are there; incident number; first responder names, Log Officer and Supervising Officer names, shield numbers, Unit numbers; location of crime scene; name of victim(s)
• Before making it available to crime scene visitors, record logistical data (time, crime scene location, names of victims and witnesses, etc.) in the entry/exit log.

Ensure that the departure time for any person departing from the scene is recorded prior to that person actually leaving.
If someone exits the scene without reporting to the Log Officer, that officer can enter an estimated departure time along with a note stating the rationale for it being estimated.
Store the log in a secure location and as mandated by departmental regulations.

What is the first procedure of arrival at the crime scene?

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