People rarely distinguish the difference between the terms __ & __ but for ___, the two terms have different meanings, & the distinction is important Show culture & society ___ describes a group of people who share a common territory and culture. By ___ sociologists refer to a definable region While a ___ refers to a "that complex whole which encompasses ____ (9) and everything that a person learns & shares as a member of society culture ___ represents the beliefs, practices & artifacts of a group ____ represents the social structures & organization of the people who share those beliefs & practices Neither society nor culture could exist without the other 1.
Hunting & gathering societies earliest form of society, they are small & generally w/ less than 50 members & nomadic Hunting & gathering societies the members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, & gathering edible plants Hunting & gathering societies The family determines the distribution of food & how to socialize children Hunting & gathering societies members are mutually dependent & there is equal division of labor among the members Hunting & gathering societies there is division of labor based on sex; men are for hunting & women are gatherers Hunting & gathering societies they rely on products obtained through the domestication & breeding of ANIMALS for transportation & food they are common in areas where crops cannot be supported & only have to move when the land in which the animals graze is no longer usable they also allow for job specialization, since not everyone is needed to gather or hunt for food These societies rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and plants in order to survive They often forced to relocate when the resources of the land are depleted or when the water supplies decrease They rely on the use of technology in order to cultivate crops in large areas, including wheat, rice, & corn productivity increases, and as long as there is plenty of food, people do not have to move. This time, towns form, & then cities emerged, ob specialization increases, & the economy becomes more complex They uses advanced sources of energy to run large machinery w/c led to industrialization Innovations in transportation led people to travel, work in factories & live in cities Occupational specialization became even more pronounced , & a person's vocation became more of an identifier than his or her family ties, as was common in nonindustrial societies Their economy is based on services & technology, not production Post-industrial societies The economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must pursue greater education, and the new communications technology allows work to be performed from a variety of locations Post-industrial societies ___ has key features (classification & elements) & characteristics that are present in all cultures Classification of culture (3) Visible culture food, art, dance, language, traditions beliefs, values, worldview The way we all love, laugh, & cry and seek dignity & meaning in our lives. All culture has _______ & ______ components visible/tangible Cultural components that are visible/tangible are called _____ w/c include all material objects or those components or elements of culture w/ physical representation such as tools, furniture, buildings, bridges, gadgets,etc. Components of culture w/c are created/produced, changed & utilized by men are all included in ____ There are components of culture that are non-tangible or w/o physical representation & these are called ____ non-material culture can be categorized into ______ & _____ _____ include the ideas, concepts, philosophies, designs, that are product of the mental or intellectual functioning & reasoning of the human mind _____ includes all the expectations, standards, and rules for human behavior. The material & non-material cultures are always interlink The existence of material culture is justified by the non-material culture Any form/element of the material culture will be meaningless & will cease to exist w/o the ideas & normative expectations that support it Beliefs ____ are conceptions or ideas of people have about what is true in the environment around them like what is life, how to value it, and how one's belief on the value of life relates with his or her interaction with others & the world These may be based on common sense, folk wisdom, religion, science or a combination of all these Describe what is appropriate or inappropriate (good/bad, desirable/undesirable, worthy/unworthy) in a given society or what ought to be They are broad, abstract & shared to influence & guide behavior of people ____ live in a culture wherein symbols are used to understand each other ____ is a shared set of spoken & written symbols They are basic to communication & transmission of culture It is known as the storehouse of culture ____ refers to the application of knowledge & equipment to ease the task of living & maintaining the environment It includes all artifacts, methods & devices created & used by people ____ are specific rules/standards to guide for appropriate behavior Societal norms are of different types & forms proscriptive Folkways Defines & tell us things not to do Defines and tells us things to do also known as customs, they are norms for everyday behavior that people follow for the sake of tradition or convenience Breaking a folkway does not usually have serious consequences They are strict norms that control moral & ethical behavior ___ are norms based on definitions of right & wrong They are norms that society holds so strongly that violating it results in extreme disgust The violator of the taboo is considered unfit to live in that society They are codified ethics, & formally agreed, written down and enforced by an official law enforcement agency ____ are guidelines for human behavior ___ are encourage conformity to norms ____ are socially imposed rewards & punishments in society w/c maybe formal or informal ____ is the view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything & all others are scaled & rated w/ reference to it Each group nourishes its own pride & vanity, boasts itself superior, exalts its own divinities, and looks w/ contempt on outsiders ____, a term coined by ______, is the tendency to see & evaluate other cultures in terms of one's own race, nation or culture. Ethnocentrism This rests on the belief of the superiority of one's own culture or ethnic group compared to others People are highly influenced by the culture or many culture outside the realm of their society In this globalized society, one's exposure to cultural practices of others may make one to give preference to the ideas, lifestyle & products of other cultures w/c is termed by _____ as _____ John D. Fullmer People who usually experience Xenocentrism came from a country w/ lower economic position as compared to the one preferred This may be triggered by comparison wherein the person sees one's position as inferior & would like to improve one's status or experience a better condition compared to his/her current position ____ is the principle that an individual human's beliefs & activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's culture Though ____ coined the term, the concept was popularized by his students _____ highlights the perspective that no culture is superior to any other culture when comparing systems of morality, law, politics. etc. ____ is seen to have equal value It rests on the idea that all cultural relativism also embraces the views that religious, ethical aesthetic, & political beliefs are completely relative to the individual within a cultural identity It also covers ideas of moral relativism, situational relativism, and cognitive relativism ethics depend on a social construct right or wrong is based on the particular situation truth itself has no objective standard What kind of society relies on the cultivation of fruits and vegetables?Unlike pastoral societies that rely on domesticating animals, horticultural societies rely on cultivating fruits, vegetables, and plants.
What kind of society relies on the cultivation?An agricultural society, also known as an agrarian society, is a society that constructs social order around a reliance upon farming. More than half the people living in that society make their living by farming.
What are the 4 types of societies?Types of Human societies. Types:. Hunting-Gathering society.. Horticultural society.. Agrarian society.. Industrial society.. What is horticultural and pastoral society?Horticultural societies grow crops with simple tools, while pastoral societies raise livestock. Both types of societies are wealthier than hunting-and-gathering societies, and they also have more inequality and greater conflict than hunting-and-gathering societies.
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What kind of society relies on the cultivation of fruits vegetables and plants in order to survive?
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