The Encyclopedia of Chicago by Show Call Number: F548.3 .E53 2004 ISBN: 9780226310152 Publication Date: 2004 One of the great American metropolises, Chicago rises out of the prairie in the heart of the country, buffeted by winds coming off the plains and cooled by the waters of the inland sea of Lake Michigan. Chicago is a city of size and mass, the cradle of modern architecture, the freight hub of the nation, a city built on slaughterhouses and cacophonous financial trading tempered by some of the finest cultural institutions in the world. While many histories have been written of the city, none can claim the scope and breadth of the long-awaited Encyclopedia of Chicago. Developed by the Newberry Library with the cooperation of the Chicago Historical Society, The Encyclopedia of Chicago is the definitive historical reference on metropolitan Chicago. More than a decade in the making, the Encyclopedia brings together hundreds of historians, journalists, and experts on everything from airlines to Zoroastrians to explore all aspects of the rich world of Chicagoland, from its geological prehistory to the present. The main alphabetical section of the Encyclopedia, comprising more than 1,400 entries, covers the full range of Chicago's neighborhoods, suburbs, and ethnic groups, as well as the city's cultural institutions, technology and science, architecture, religions, immigration, transportation, business history, labor, music, health and medicine, and hundreds of other topics. The Encyclopedia has the widest geographical reach of any city encyclopedia of its kind, encompassing eight of the region's counties, including suburbs. Nearly 400 thumbnail maps pinpoint Chicago neighborhoods and suburban municipalities; these maps are complemented by hundreds of black-and-white and color photographs and thematic maps that bring the history of metropolitan Chicago to life. Additionally, contributors have provided lengthy interpretive essays--woven into the alphabetical section but set off graphically--that take a long view of such topics as the built environment, literary images of Chicago, and the city's often legendary and passionate sports culture. The Encyclopedia also offers a comprehensive biographical dictionary of more than 2,000 individuals important to Chicago history and a detailed listing of approximately 250 of the city's historically significant business enterprises. A color insert features a timeline of Chicago history and photo essays exploring nine pivotal years in this history. The Encyclopedia of Chicago is one of the most significant historical projects undertaken in the last twenty years, and it has everything in it to engage the most curious historian as well as settle the most boisterous barroom dispute. If you think you know how Chicago got its name, if you have always wondered how the Chicago Fire actually started and how it spread, if you have ever marveled at the Sears Tower or the reversal of the Chicago River--if you have affection, admiration, and appreciation for this City of the Big Shoulders, this Wild Onion, this Urbs in Horto, then The Encyclopedia of Chicago is for you.
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 Courtesy of University of Illinois, https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/f52b2130-1a05-0134-1d6d-0050569601ca-f The content for this article was researched and written by Jade Ryerson, an intern with the Cultural Resources Office of Interpretation and Education. In 1889, Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded the Hull House in Chicago’s near west side.[1] Inspired by London’s Toynbee Hall, the Hull House broke ground as the first settlement house in the United States. Around the turn of the 1900s, northern cities experienced an influx of immigrants from Europe and a Great Migration of African Americans from the American South. Settlement houses offered social, educational, and welfare services to migrant and impoverished communities. They were generally founded and run by women in industrial cities. During this period, many white-run settlements and other institutions, like the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), refused to serve African Americans. Others served Black families when they lived nearby, but did not do outreach into Black neighborhoods. Many African American activists, including Ida B. Wells and Elizabeth Lindsay Davis, were the driving forces behind expanding African Americans’ access to social services. These reformers created separate or integrated facilities in African American neighborhoods to help Black migrants adjust from life in the rural South.[2] This article features settlements that sit within the proposed Bronzeville-Black Metropolis National Heritage Area. Chicago is part of the Certified Local Government program, a partnership between local, state, and federal governments to help communities preserve historic places. Photograph of Elizabeth Lindsay Davis. Photo courtesy of University of Illinois at Chicago. https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14742731756/ Phyllis Wheatley Home for GirlsElizabeth Lindsay Davis opened the first Phyllis Wheatley Home for Girls in 1908. Davis was a national organizer for the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) and a leader of the Ida B. Wells and Phyllis Wheatley Woman’s Clubs. She created the Phyllis Wheatley Home Association because African American women were excluded from services offered at the YWCA. Named after the first African American woman to publish a book of poems, the Phyllis Wheatley Home provided “housing, health, vocational guidance, recreation, and religious education” for Black women and girls. Founded in 1926, the last Phyllis Wheatley Home is still standing on South Michigan Avenue near 51st Street. This property is listed in the Illinois Preservation Services Division’s Historic and Architectural Resources Geographic Information Systems database of historic sites and structures.
Melissia Elam Home for Working Women and GirlsThe Melissia Ann Elam Home for Working Women and Girls first opened in 1923. In association with its namesake, the Elam Club, the home helped unmarried African American women adjust to living independently in Chicago. In the mid-1930s Melissia Elam purchased another home on Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive near 47th Street. This home is still standing due to the efforts of Elam’s niece, Loretta Peyton and Dr. Margaret Burroughs, poet and cofounder of Chicago’s DuSable Museum of African American History. In 1979, the property was designated a Chicago Landmark, saving it from demolition due to building violations.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14761676066/ Frederick Douglass CenterFounded in 1904, the integrated Frederick Douglass Center served Chicagoans in the Bronzeville and Armour Square neighborhoods. Under Elizabeth Lindsay Davis’s leadership, the Center served as the Second Ward’s war office during World War I. Women maintained an exemption board for drafted men, a Red Cross support office, and a post office. During the 1918 influenza pandemic, the Frederick Douglass Center served as a relief station. The Center merged with the Chicago Urban League in 1918. During the 1960s, League headquarters moved nearby to the Swift House, which was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. University of Illinois at Chicago, https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14765431102/ Fannie Emanuel Settlement HouseThe Fannie Emanuel Settlement House opened in 1908. The house’s namesake, Fannie Hagen Emanuel, hoped to improve social conditions in Chicago’s “Black Belt.” Offering classes in sewing, cooking, and “domestic science,” Emanuel prepared women for jobs and helped them find work. The house also operated a kindergarten, boys’ and girls’ clubs, free dental clinic, and employment office. After the house closed in 1912, Emanuel enrolled at the Chicago Hospital-College of Medicine. She graduated as a medical doctor in 1915 and opened a private practice for children and women. According to Simms’ Blue Book and National Negro Business and Professional Directory, in 1923, Emanuel’s office was located in the Supreme Life Insurance Company building, which became a Chicago Landmark in 1998.
Abraham Lincoln Centre, 1913, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22249976 Abraham Lincoln CenterBetween 1898 and 1903, Frank Lloyd Wright was the principal architect for the Abraham Lincoln Center. Wright’s uncle, Reverend Jenkin Lloyd Jones, ran the Center. Located at the corner of Oakwood Boulevard and Langley Road, its services included a public library, gymnasium, lectures on literature and religion, and classes in German and French. Thyra Edwards, an African American journalist and civil rights activist, lived and worked as a social worker at the Center. She later traveled the world, reporting on labor and social conditions, and her treatment as an African American abroad. Edwards openly supported the Communist Party and fundraised for the North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy during the Spanish Civil War. This property is listed in the Illinois Preservation Services Division’s Historic and Architectural Resources Geographic Information Systems database of historic sites and structures. Discover more history and culture by visiting the Chicago travel itinerary. Notes: Tags
Last updated: July 14, 2021 What was the purpose of the settlement houses?Settlement houses were organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources. Many settlement houses established during this period are still thriving today.
What were the benefits of settlement houses?Settlement houses had two functions. First, they provided a safe place for poor residents to receive medical care and provided nurseries for the children of working mothers. They offered meals and employment placement services. They sponsored lectures and gave music lessons.
What was the purpose of a settlement house quizlet?What are settlement houses? Community centers that offered services to the poor. How did settlement houses help immigrants? They gave them a home, taught them English, and about the American government, provided them with services.
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What was the purpose of settlement houses built in the United States between 1889 and 1920?
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