If you already make use of the IF function you may have come across the situation where IF does not seem to work, particularly when you are comparing to True and False answers. Show
Why is the TRUE ignored in ExcelSo below in row 14 (cell B14) it clearly says true and in the Formula we have typed B14=”TRUE”, yet Excel wants to give us a zero answer as if it is false.  The reason for this is that the ‘words’ TRUE and FALSE are actually the numbers 1 and 0 in Excel (in most cases). So when you are creating the logical test in the IF function, you must treat it like a number i.e. no inverted commas. The syntax should be =IF (B14=TRUE, $C$7,0 ) – notice no inverted commas You can even test it by using a number rather i.e. =IF (B14=1, $C$7,0 ) The ‘number’ words happen if you get excel to spit out a TRUE/ FALSE answer. For Excel it is a 1 or 0 . It also happens when you type it into a cell. The clue would be if I type in True (notice the lowercase) and when I click enter it changes on its own to TRUE (all uppercase). It also typically goes from left aligned to center aligned. Where you need to be careful is if someone has typed true in some inverted commas. Then Excel sees it as a word in which case your IF needs to have inverted commas. So all in all quite a difficult thing to spot. A way to possibly check is to create a calculation that multiplies the ‘word’ with a one. As shown below, the TRUE FALSE that it sees as numbers turn into numbers (1 x 1= 1 and 0 x 1= 0) and the ones that are actually words give us a #VALUE error message (Excel asking you why you are trying to multiply with words). Once you know what you are dealing with, you will get the right version in you IF function i.e. NO INVERTED COMMAS- when Excel recognises it as a number (0= False, 1=True) and INVERTED COMMAS- when Excel sees it as we do, which is as a word. Want to learn more about Microsoft Excel? If you prefer attending a course and live in South Africa look at the Johannesburg MS Excel 3 Day Advanced Course or the Cape Town MS Excel 3 Day Advanced training course. If you prefer online learning or live outside South Africa, look at our online MS Excel training courses. IF function not working with numbers Finding the IF errors in Financial Models Alternative to multiple IF statements Bottom Line: Learn how to use the IF Function to write formulas that return results based on a condition or logical test. This post includes training on logical tests, comparison operators, nested IF formulas, multiple conditions with AND and OR functions, and common causes of formula errors. Skill Level: Beginner Watch the TutorialWatch on YouTube & Subscribe to our Channel Download the Excel FileYou can access the file that I use in the video by clicking below. Mastering the IF FunctionThe IF Function is an important function to know. It can help with comparing data, performing lookups to group data, and making reports interactive. If you're not familiar with IF or could use a refresher, this post will help. Here is the IF function's signature:
The IF Function has 3 arguments:
Here's an example. I'm comparing Revenue amounts with Goal amounts. If the Revenue is greater than or equal to the goal, I want column D to say Yes, and if not, to say No. Let's talk about the most important part of the IF function: the logical test. Logical TestsThe logical test portion of the formula always uses a comparison operator to compare values and determine if the statement is true or false. Here is a list of comparison operators that can be used.
Logical tests return TRUE or FALSE values. This is important because the logical test argument within IF needs a TRUE or FALSE (boolean) value returned to it. It is also important because you might not even need an IF function if the TRUE/FALSE values can be used to get the answer you are looking for. It's also important to note that the case doesn't matter when comparing text. The following formula will return TRUE. =”Excel Campus” = “excel campus” Returning Other ValuesWhile “TRUE” and “FALSE” would probably be sufficient for my example, I prefer them to say “Yes” and “No” in answer to the question in by column header: “Hit goal?”. The advantage of using an IF function is that you can return any values you like by specifying the words that you want to appear. Just make sure to wrap them in quotation marks when writing your IF formula, unless they are numbers. If you do not specify these second and third arguments when writing the IF formula, it will simply return TRUE and FALSE. The value_if_true and value_if_false arguments can contain just about anything:
It's also important to note that both the value_if_true and value_if_false arguments are optional. This is denoted by the square brackets around them in the function signature. You must specify at least one of the arguments. If you leave one of the arguments blank and the logical test results in that condition, then a TRUE or FALSE value will be returned to the cell. For example, the following formula will return a FALSE if A2 does NOT equal B2 because the value_if_false argument is not specified. Grouping DataOne common use for the IF Function is to categorize data. Let me show you an example. On this worksheet, I want to categorize transactions as either Large or Small depending on the amount I've entered in cell D4. A transaction less than $60,000 will be labeled as small. Transactions greater than or equal to $60,000 will be large. When writing the formula, I could specify the amounts and the labels by typing them out, but I prefer to use cell references so that they can quickly and easily be updated without rewriting the formulas. The dollar symbols ($) in the formula make the references absolute so that they don't change when the formula is copied down to the cells below it. When the cell reference within the formula is selected, you can hit F4 on your keyboard (for Fn + F4 for most laptop keyboards) to insert a dollar symbol before the row number and column letter. (Pressing it repeatedly will toggle it to one or the other and back again to none or both.) Categorizing these transactions is helpful for analyzing the data. You can filter out just the large or small items, or you can use these labels in a summary report, pivot table, or chart. Below is an example. Multiple Logical TestsIf we want to use more than one logical test, we can use the AND and OR Functions. The AND FunctionThe AND Function checks whether all arguments are true and returns TRUE if they are. In the example below, our formula is looking for transactions that are both “Large” and “Product 6.” The OR FunctionPerhaps you want show a positive result if only ONE of the logical tests in your formula is true, not BOTH. If that is the case, you can use the OR Function. The OR Function checks whether any of the arguments are true, and returns TRUE or FALSE. It returns FALSE only if all arguments are false. Using the same sheet as above, the formula in our example below is looking for entries where the size is “Large” OR if the product name is “Product 5.” If we want to return text or a number instead of TRUE or FALSE, then we can wrap the AND or OR Functions in the IF Function. For example, using the OR Function above as our logical test in an IF Formula, we can type the word Upgrade (in parentheses) as our Value If True argument. That means, when the conditions we've specified are true, the cell will say Upgrade. To return a blank cell when the conditions aren't met, we just have two quotation marks with nothing between them for our Value If False argument. Nested IF FormulasThings can get more complicated when there are more categories added to the mix. Maybe you want to group data based on 3 or more logical tests in your IF formula. When this happens, we end up nesting another IF Function into our existing function each time we add another category. For example, let's say we have three account categories called Small, Large, and Key. A Small account is less than $10,000. A Large account is between $10,000 and $70,000. And a Key account is more than $70,000. When we write our formula to categorize these accounts, we will need to use two IF statements, with one nested within the other. The logic of the formula goes like this.
With the cell references plugged in for the sizes and amounts, the formula would look like this on our spreadsheet. As you can imagine, these nested IF formulas can get longer and uglier with each additional category or criteria that is added. That being the case, there are a couple of alternatives that I would like to mention. Alternative 1: The IFS FunctionThis is a relatively new function introduced in Excel 2019. While it still requires a lot of selection and logical tests, it is somewhat easier to read and write the IFS formula compared to nested IF formulas. I won't go into detail about writing the IFS Function, but you can play around with it in the Excel file attached at the top of this post. Alternative 2: Lookup FormulasYou can use VLOOKUP, XLOOKUP, or Index Match to return the same results as the nested IFs. These are a lot simpler to write. For an explanation of how to write a VLOOKUP formula like this, jump over to this tutorial: How to Use VLOOKUP to Find the Closest Match – Last Argument is TRUE Common Errors with the IF FunctionIf you come across errors when using the IF Function, it is most likely related to data types. What I mean by that is, Excel can't compare text to a number or a date, or evaluate text that is different. However, the formatting of values doesn't hinder Excel from making comparisons in logical tests. Below you can see how the values in Column A and Column B return a TRUE or FALSE in column C when they are compared. Note that while the entry in B9 looks like it is formatted as a date, it is formatted as text. That is why it is returning FALSE when compared to the date in A9. See the video above for a further explanation on errors with data types. Related PostsIf you found this information helpful, check out these other tutorials on related content.
ConclusionReady for a challenge? Test what you've learned and get more practice by taking our free IF Formula Challenge! You can access it here: The challenge includes videos that explain the challenge and walk through the solution. See if you can earn all six gold stars in the challenge file. I hope this explanation has been helpful and that you start putting the IF Function to work in your spreadsheets soon if you're not already using it. Leave a comment below if you have questions or feedback! Which worksheet function determines whether a condition is true or false?Logical functions are used in spreadsheets to test whether a situation is true or false. Depending on the result of that test, you can then elect to do one thing or another. These decisions can be used to display information, perform different calculations, or to perform further tests.
Which Excel function returns a true value if all conditions are true?The AND function in Excel checks if every argument you put in it evaluates to TRUE. If everything evaluates to TRUE, then the function will return TRUE, otherwise, even if only one argument is FALSE, the function will return the value FALSE.
Which function in Excel would you use to check whether a certain condition or conditions is met then a predefined value will be returned?The IF() function has an important place amongst the most popular functions in Excel. It performs a simple logical test (is a statement TRUE or FALSE?) and, depending on the comparison result, returns one value if a result is a TRUE, or another value if a result is FALSE.
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Which function in Excel determines what happens if a condition is true or false select an answer match int if not?
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