Show
Recommended textbook solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions A Concise Introduction to Logic13th EditionLori Watson, Patrick J. Hurley 1,967 solutions Psychology1st EditionArlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins 580 solutions Psychology: Principles in Practice1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus 1,024 solutions Recommended textbook solutions
The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses 661 solutions
Ways of the World: A Global History3rd EditionRobert W. Strayer 232 solutions Tonal Harmony, Workbook8th EditionByron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka 1,387 solutions U.S. History1st EditionJohn Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen 567 solutions Proponents of ______________ believe that certain behaviors are wrong and that every school should have an explicit moral code that teaches students what is right and wrong - character education ____________ ____________ is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and community assistance Service learning What type of development involves thoughts feelings and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people? - moral How many US state
currently have mandates to include character education in school curriculums? - 40 Children at the _________ morality stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people - Heteronomous A child who considers a person's intentions, as well as the consequences of a given action, is in Piaget's ______________ morality stage Autonomous The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved 6 stages was: - Kohlberg ________________ _______________ is the first stage of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning; individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange is the second Heteronomous morality Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning includes two stages: interpersonal expectaions, realtionships, and interpersonal conformity is one; _______________ ______________ morality is the other Social systems Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning consosts if two stages: social contract or utility and individual rights is one; ____________ _____________ principles is the other Universal ethical Carol Gilligan's _____________ perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others and concern for others Care True or false: In terms of honesty, what children do in one situation is strongly related to what they do in other situations False The _____________ _____________ theory of morality emphisizes a disinction between an individual's moral competence and moral performance Social cognitive What are the two main components of the superego? - Ego ideal and conscience _______________ ____________ is defined as the ability to discern another's inner psychological state perspective taking what term involves responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes that person's feelings? - Empathy Researchers have defined moral __________ as consisting of moral identity, moral character, and moral exemplars personality Individuals have a moral ___________ when moral notions and commitments are central to their life Identity Which of the following are considered moral virtues of moral character? select all that apply - Honesty
Research has found which of the following positive outcomes of adolescents taking part in service learning activities? select all that apply - Increased goal setting if students see their friends get away with
cheating, they are more likely to: - also begin to cheat _________ is the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. Young children believe in this type of justice - immanent justice What type of parenting style inhibits the advancement of moral reasoning in young children? - authoritarian the three levels of moral thinking according to Kohlberg are: select 3 - conventional Kohlberg argued that which of the following factors are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages? select all that apply -
Perspective taking The major criticism of Kohlberg's theory has been that: - there is a difference between moral thought and moral behavior Which of the following are criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? select all that apply - He did not adequately take the influence of culture and family into account Which of the following do most developmentalists emphasize as the parent's role in moral development? select all that apply - communication with children Moral __________ include what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness or moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors
- competence According to Freud, two moral devices help the superego engorce moral behavior. The ________ _________ rewards children, whereas the _________ punishes children Ego ideal; Conscience Children's willingness to embrace the values of their _________ greatly contributes to their development of conscience - parents Some theorists suggest that negative feelings such as ________ contribute to children's moral development. select all that apply - anger According to domain theory, a rule regarding which fork to use when
eating salad is an example of social conventional reasoning, but a rule about murder is an example of: - moral reasoning Carol Gilligan questioned Lawrence Kohlberg's ________________ perspective of moral development adn argued for a ______________ perspective which views people in terms of their connectedness with others Justice; Care According to Kohlberg, the effect of family on moral development is: - not as important as peer relations an aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation is called ____________ forgiveness Prosocial behavior includes forgiveness and ____________, or the ability ti be thankful and appreicative Gratitude Select the statement that explains gender differences in prosocial behavior - the largest gender dif in prosocial behavior is kindness and consideration which behaviors have been linked to health benefits for older adults? - helping others 13-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigs. Rilie's therapist has diagnosed her with: - Conduct disorder ___________
________ refers to the actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal - Juvenile delinquency _______% of all youths are involved in juvenile delinquency - 2%
According to the Pittsburgh Youth Study, what are three developmental pathways to delinquency? - overt aggressive acts Select all of the following that may be the cause for delinquency: - family experiences Which of the following are family issues associated with increased delinquency? select all that apply - inappropriate discipline _________ therapy is offten effective reducing delinquency Family having a low level of self-control, lower intelligence, and a lack of sustained attention are all __________ factors implicated in delinquency - Cognitive Which of the following are factors associated with delinquency? select all that apply - lack of sustained attention Studies repot that there is ____________ associated between religious
participation and longevity - a positive As part of the development during adolescence and emerging adulthood, individuals also may question their _______ beliefs religious Although finances are tight, William contributes 10% of his income to his church monthly. This is
an act of: - altruism Baumeister and Vohs found that there are four needs in our quest for a meaningful life. They include: select all that apply -
need for values According to Victor Frankl, the three most distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility - spirituality Based on a recent study, which of the following statements apply to developmental changes in
religiousness from age 14 to 20? select all that apply - Attendance of religious services decline between 14 and 18 years of age According to the World Values survey, 18 to 24 years old in less developed countries where __________ likely to be religious compared to emerging adults in more developed countries more Adolescents and emerging adults can question and select their own deliefs about religion because of advancement in ____________ development cognitive What can be concluded about religion and identity development? - spirituality in adolescence and emerging adulthood transcends but doesn't necessarily exclude the assigned religious identity childhood __________ and spiritual beliefs play a role in adolescents' health and whether they engage in problem behaviors religious All of the following statements about religion in middle adulthood are true, except: - spirituality increases more for men than women in the second half of life Religion and coping focuses on _____________-making coping meaning At 85 years old, Darlene is content. She has things to do, meets plenty of people, and is in good health. Which of the following is MOST likely true? - Darlene participates in religious faith Securely attached adolescents are more inclined to adopt the religious orientation of their _________ - parents Which of the following are types of prosocial behaviors
identified by Gustavo Carlo and his colleagues? select all that apply - altruism Gustavo Carlo and his colleagues have confirmed there are ________ dif types of prosocial behavior. - 6 Which of the following
are important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to a child's moral development? Select all that apply - parental discipline ____________ have a large influence of cildren's moral
development bc of the extensive time spent - schools Most schools don't have a plan for moral education, they provide moral education through a _____________ curriculum, or moral atmosphere hidden ____________-clarification is another way to provide moral education, helping people to see and understand what their lives mean and what is worth working for values Another way to morally educate is ____________ moral education which is based on the belief that students should learn to value things such as democracy and justice cognitive Melissa and Adrens went to Peru with their parents to help build a
school for local villagers. They participated in: - service learning In the Child Development Project, students are given multiple opportunities to discuss other students' experiences, and they participate in an exercise that encourages them to reflect on their own behaviors in terms of such values like fairness
and social responsibility. This program is taking a(n) __________ approach to moral development - Integrative Which of the following aspects of the parent-child relationship does NOT contribute to a child's moral development? - reactive strategies prosocial behavior will increase in adolescence as a result of which of the following? select all that apply - increased empathy toward others Conversations about moral development should focus on what type of events? - past, immediate and future which of the following factors influence moral decisions made by individuals? - punishment Nicole had the opportunity to cheat on her math exam, however, she had the ability to resit themptation and exercise ______________-_____________ self-control Moral ___________ are people who have moral personalities, identity, and character, and set of virtues that reflect moral excellence and commitment exemplars Which theory states that there are different areas of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social and personal domains? - social domain According to developmental researchers,
children's obligations in close parent-child relationships include all of the following, EXCEPT: - spending weekly quality time with parents The parenting strategy of being _________ helps to avert potential misbehavior by children before it takes place
- proactive At an Easter egg hunt, the small children allowed to start hunting a few mins before the older children begin. This is an example of fairness according to: - benevolence Researcher Garbarino found a __________
emptiness in young killers he interviewed. - spiritual ___________ is an organized set of beliefs, whereas _________ refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion religion; religiousness beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be
according to what is important to an individual are: - values ____________ behaviors or conduct disorders are much more common in males than in females antisocial Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding religion and coping? - religiousness impairs effective coping In kohlberg and Piaget's views or moral development _________ play the primary role, and ___________ provide role-taking opportunities Peers; parents _________ behavior is caring about the welfare and right of others, feeling concern and empathy prosocial true or false: Kohlberg argues that emotion has positive effects on moral reasoning False: Kohlberg argues that emotion has a negative effect on moral reasoning. Other researchers argue that emotions play an important role in making choices involving moral issues True or false: According to Haidt, one of the major flaws in Kohlberg's theory is that moral thinking is deliberative and individuals spend time reasoning about morality True Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning has not
been found in all cultures? - 5 and 6 __________ cognitive stages of development serve as underpinnings for ___________ theory, but in this latter model there are six stages of moral development - Piaget's; Kohlberg's Experts have now concluded that there is _______ evidence to support Carol Gilligan's claim that Kolberg played down females' moral thinking. - little True or false: According to research, during their second year of life, children will offer assistance to an unfamiliar experimenter, building on their awareness of others; the intention ture _______ _______ refers to age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, society's standards, and the personal or property rights of others. conduct disorder ______ _______ is defined as the ability to discern another's inner psychological state. perspective taking Moral _______ is when moral notions and commitments are central to their life. identity Based on a recent study, which of the following statements apply to developmental changes in religiousness from age 14 to 20? -attendance or religious services declined between 14 and 18 years of
age. Carol Gilligan's _______ perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others. care The foundations of ______ character provide a starting point for social relationships and functioning. moral Match Kohlberg's level of moral reasoning with its explanation preconventional = moral reasoning is primarily interpreted in terms of rewards and punishments. According to Frankl, the there most distinct human qualities are: -freedom What are the two main components of the superego? ego ideal and conscience _________ development involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong. moral The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved three levels and six stages was: Kohlberg What are the two stages in Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning? -heteronomous morality, or punishment
and obedience orientation The social cognitive theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral _______ and moral ________. competence; performance Service learning is often more effective for youth when: they have opportunities to reflect on their participation Responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings is known as ______. empathy ______ is the feeling of obligation to return a favor for a favor. reciprocity ______ morality is the name of the second stage of page's moral development. In this stage, children older than 10 become aware that rules and laws are created by people. autonomous What are the two stages in Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning? -mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal confomity What are the two levels in Kohlberg's post conventional level of moral reasoning? -social contract or utility and individual rights Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, dink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Rilie's therapist has diagnosed her with: conduct disorder An aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation is called ________. forgiveness Studies report that there is ________ association between religious participation and longevity. a positive What are criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? -he based the theory on hypothetical moral situations, which is not the same as moral behavior Children at the _______ stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people. heteronomous Men consistently show _______ interest in religion compared to women. less Although finances are tight, William contributes 10 percent of his income to his church monthly. This is an act of: altruism A child who considers a person's intentions, as well as the consequences of a given action, is in Piaget's ______ morality stage. autonomous What are important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to a child's moral development? -relational quality What are family issues associated with increased delinquency? -inappropriate
discipline Piaget's first stage of moral development is called the _______ stage. -heteronomous What do most deveopmentalists emphasize as the parent's role in moral development? -discipline techniques Proponents of ______ believe that certain behaviors are wrong and that every school should have an explicit moral code that teaches students what is right and wrong. character education According to Freud, two moral devices help the superego enforce moral behavior. The _______ ________ rewards chidren , whereas the _______ punishes children. ego ideal; conscience __________ _________ is the first stage of Kohlberg's pre conventional level of moral reasoning; individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange is the second. Heteronomous morality The major criticism of Kohlberg's theory has been that: there is a difference between moral thought and moral behavior At 85 years old, Darlene is content. She has things to do, meets plenty of people, and is in good health. Which of the following is most likely true? Darlene practices her religious faith Students are more likely to cheat under which of the following conditions? when students know their peers are cheating Kohlberg argued that what are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages? -perspective taking Carol Gilligan questioned Lawrence Kohlberg's ______ perspective of moral development and argued for a _______ perspective which views people in terms of their connectedness with others. justice; care According to psychoanalytic theory, the _______ rewards the child by conveying a sense of pride and personal value when the child acts in approved ways, whereas the _____ punishes the child for engaging in disapproved ways by making the child feel guilty and worthless. ego ideal; conscience Prosocial behavior will increase in adolescence as a result of what? -increased empathy others What type of parent-child relationship increases a child's willingness to embrace parental values, which in turn helps to develop conscience? positive and close In constrast to Kohlberg's justice perspective, Gilligan developed a _______ perspective in regard to moral reasoning. care The parenting strategy of being _____ helps to avert potential misbehavior by children before it takes place. proactive What type of reasoning is arbitrary and focuses on rules established to control behavior and maintain the social system? social conventional What are types of prosaic behavior identified by Gustavo Carlo and his colleagues? -emotional Research has found what positive outcomes of adolescents taking part in service learning activities? -higher self esteem What are factors associated with delinquency? -low self control Conversations about moral development should focus on what type of events? past, immediate, and future Moral ________ include what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors. competence __________ __________ refers to actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal. Juvenile delinquency How may U.S. states currently have mandates to include character education in school curriculum? 40 _________ therapy is often effective reducing delinquency. Family Beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be according to what is important to an individual are: values Researchers have defined moral _______ as consisting of moral identity, moral character, and moral exemplars. personality Which behaviors have been linked to health benefits for older adults? -altruistic acts An increase in volunteer opportunities in ________ contributes to more frequent prosocial behavior. adolescence According to research findings examining moral reasoning in various situations, what kind of children are virtually nonexistent? -totally honest children Theorist Damon, emphasizes the role of empathy in moral development with positive and negative. What are negative feelings. -outrage What type of parenting style inhibits the advancement of moral reasoning in young children? authoritarian Research shows that over the last several years, college-aged students are placing more value on: self fulfillment and material gain _______ is an organized set of beliefs, whereas _____ refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion. religion; religiousness Gustavo Carlo and his colleagues have confirmed there are _______ different types of prosocial behavior. six Moral _______ is another way to provide moral education, helping people to see and understand what their lives mean and what is worth working for. education Adolescence and emerging adulthood can question and select their own beliefs about religion because of advancement in ________ development. cognitive Critics think Kohlberg stresses moral ________ too much and not enough emphasis on moral behavior. thought Researcher Barbarino found a _______ emptiness in young killers he interviewed. spiritual What are the qualities that researchers have used to evaluate children's conscience development? -Whether a child has awareness of right and
wrong According to the Pittsburgh Youth Study what are three developmental pathways to delinquency? -authority conflict If a religious change is going to take place it will usually take place during _______. adolescence At an Easter egg hunt, the small children are allowed to start hunting a few minutes before the older children begin. This is an example of fairness according to: benevolence According to developmental researchers, parental obligation in close parent-child relationships include what? -engaging in positive caregiving ________ and spiritual beliefs plays a role in adolescents' health whether they engage in problem behaviors. religion In Kohlberg and Piaget's views of moral development ________ plays the primary role, and ________ provide role-taking opportunities. peers; parents As a part of the identity development during adolescence and emerging adulthood, individuals also may question their _______ beliefs. religious What factors influence moral decisions made by individuals? -imitation Theorist Damon, emphasizes the role of empathy in children moral development with positive feelings such as _______. -sympathy What may be the cause for delinquency. -family experiences _______ is the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. Young children believe in this type of justice. immanent justice Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning have not been found in all cultures? stages 5 and 6 Which of the following statements is true regarding religious and coping? -religious beliefs can shape Experts have now concluded that there is ________ evidence to support Carol Gilligan's claim that Lawrence Kohlberg played down females' moral thinking. little Most schools don't have a plan for moral education, they provide moral eduction through a ________ curriculum, or a moral atmosphere hidden Moral ______ are people who have moral personalities, identity, character, and set of virtues that reflect moral excellence and commitment. exemplars Nicol had the opportunity to cheat on her math exam, however she had the ability to resist temptation and exercise __________-_________. self-control _______ behaviors or conduct disorders are much more common in males than in females. antisocial Researchers have focused attention on which three possible components of moral personality? -moral identity According to the World Values Survey, 18- to 24-year-olds in less developed countries were ______ likely to be religious compared to emerging adults in more developed countries. more Which theory states that there are different areas of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social and personal domains? social domain ... ... In which of the following ways did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development? He interviewed people and gave them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve. ______ morality is the name of the second stage of Piaget's moral development. In this stage, children older than 10 become aware that rules and laws are created by people. Autonomous
Match Kohlberg's level of moral reasoning with its explanation. Preconventional Conventional Postconventional Young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will inevitably follow. This represents a belief in: immanent justice. Carol Gilligan questioned Lawrence Kohlberg's _______ perspective of moral development and argued for a(n) _______ perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others justice; care According to Piaget, what type of parenting style would most inhibit the advancement of moral reasoning in young children? Authoritarian What theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral competence and his or her moral performance? Social cognitive theory According to Ross Thompson's perspective, children ______ than Piaget envisioned. are less egocentric The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved three levels was: Kohlberg According to Kohlberg, as individuals progress through the levels of moral development, their morality: becomes more internal. Which of the following accurately describe Carol Gilligan's criticisms of Kohlberg's theory? (Select all that apply) It is based on a male norm. It sees the individual standing alone independently making moral decisions. It puts abstract principles above relationships. According to Freud, ______ is the foundation of moral behavior. guilt The relationships between which three elements are highlighted in the social cognitive theorists' views on morality? Cognition According to Darcia Narváez, mature moral individuals engage in which of the following? (Select all that apply) Moral metacognition Moral self-monitoring Moral self-reflection Young children's moral advancements are best characterized as: inconsistent Which theory states that there are different areas of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social conventional, and personal domains? Social domain Kohlberg's conventional reasoning level is characterized by which of the following? expectations about social roles What is the moral branch of the personality in psychoanalytic theory? Superego Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to children's moral development? relational quality proactive strategies conversational dialogue A person with ______ does not want to go against his or her moral notions and commitments because it would violate the integrity of the self. a moral identity The hidden curriculum is reflected in all of the following EXCEPT: explicit moral instruction. ______ stresses that children, even very young ones, are motivated to evaluate and make sense of their social world. Social domain theory ______ is the feeling of obligation to return a favor for a favor. Reciprocity Prosocial behavior includes forgiveness and ______, or the ability to be thankful and appreciative. gratitude In Kohlberg and Piaget's views of moral development _______ play the primary role, and _______ provide role-taking opportunities. peers; parents Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Of the following, Rilie would most likely be diagnosed with: conduct disorder. Most schools do not have a plan for moral education; they provide moral education through a(n) curriculum, or a moral atmosphere. hidden ______ refers to actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal. Juvenile delinquency Although finances are tight, William contributes 10 percent of his income to his church monthly. This is an act of: altruism Research shows that over the last several years, college-aged students are placing more value on: self-fulfillment and material gain. An aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation is called: forgiveness. ______ is an organized set of beliefs, whereas ______ refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion. Religion; religiousness Which of the following are the three levels of moral thinking, according to Kohlberg? Preconventional Conventional Postconventional If a religious change is going to take place it will usually take place during adolescence. Children with serious conduct problems tend to show a(n) ______ pattern of behavior and are often impulsive, overactive, and aggressive. externalizing Based on a developmental study, which of the following statements apply to developmental changes in religiousness from ages 14 to 20? More change occurred in attending religious service than in religiousness attendance of religious services declined between 14 and 18 years of age religiousness declined from 14 and 20 years of age The label ______ is applied to an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal. juvenile delinquent Beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be according to what is important to an individual are: values Adolescents and emerging adults can question and select their own beliefs about religion because of advancement in _______ development. cognitive ______ involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society. Spirituality Religion and coping focus on ______-making coping. meaning Securely attached adolescents are more inclined to adopt the religious orientation of their: parents According to Frankl, what are the three most distinct human qualities? spirituality, freedom, and responsibility According to the World Values Survey, 18- to 24-year-olds in less developed countries were ______ likely to be religious compared to emerging adults in more developed countries. more As a result of cognitive development in adolescents, adolescents and emerging adults: may begin to question their own religious beliefs. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding religion and coping? Religiousness impairs effective coping. Match Baumeister and Voh's four main needs for finding meaning in life to the appropriate characterization. Need for purpose Need for values Need for sense of efficacy Need for self-worth What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people? moral ______ morality is the name of the second stage of Piaget's moral development. In this stage, children older than 10 become aware that rules and laws are created by people. Autonomous
Heteronomous thinkers believe that rules are: unchangeable. True or false: Piaget concluded that parent-child relations are less likely than peer relations to advance moral reasoning in young children. True Young children's moral advancements are best characterized as: inconsistent. development involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong. moral In which of the following ways did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development? He interviewed people and gave them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve. 4 to 7 years of age heteronomous morality 7 to 10 years of age transition between the two stages 10 years of age and older autonomous morality is the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. Young children believe in this type of justice. Immanent justice According to Kohlberg, in ______ reasoning, individuals decide on a moral code. postconventional According to Piaget, what type of parenting style would most inhibit the advancement of moral reasoning in young children? Authoritarian According to Ross Thompson's perspective, children ______ than Piaget envisioned. are less egocentric The theorist who developed a theory of moral development that involved three levels was: Kohlberg. Children at the ______ morality stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people. heteronomous Carol Gilligan's perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others. care Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development is sometimes described as "What's in it for me?" Preconventional reasoning True or false: Piaget concluded that parent-child relations are less likely than peer relations to advance moral reasoning in young children True What theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral competence and his or her moral performance? Social cognitive theory Carol Gilligan questioned Lawrence Kohlberg's perspective of moral development and argued for a(n) perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others. Blank 1: justice According to Freud, ______ is the foundation of moral behavior. guilt According to Darcia Narváez, mature moral individuals engage in which of the following? (Select all that apply) Moral self-reflection Moral ______ is determined by motivation and the rewards and incentives to act in a specific moral way. performance ______ stresses that children, even very young ones, are motivated to evaluate and make sense of their social world. Social domain theory Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to children's moral development? proactive strategies What are the two main components of the superego? Ego ideal and conscience Most schools do not have a plan for moral education; they provide moral education through a(n) curriculum, or a moral atmosphere. hidden individuals have a moral when moral notions and commitments are central to their life. identity Which theory states that there are different areas of social knowledge and reasoning, including moral, social conventional, and personal domains? Social domain Although finances are tight, William contributes 10 percent of his income to his church monthly. This is an act of: altruism. Which of the following aspects of the parent-child relationship does NOT contribute to a child's moral development? reactive strategies Which of the following accurately describe Carol Gilligan's criticisms of Kohlberg's theory? (Select all that apply) It puts abstract principles above
relationships. An aspect of prosocial behavior that occurs when the injured person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation is called: forgiveness. Darcia Narváez argues that attention should be focused on ______, which involve focusing on students' sense of purpose, social engagement, community connections, and ethics sustaining climates A person with ______ does not want to go against his or her moral notions and commitments because it would violate the integrity of the self. a moral identity ______ is the feeling of obligation to return a favor for a favor. Reciprocity Children with serious conduct problems tend to show a(n) ______ pattern of behavior and are often impulsive, overactive, and aggressive. externalizing Prosocial behavior includes forgiveness and ______, or the ability to be thankful and appreciative. gratitude ______ refers to actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal. Juvenile delinquency Thirteen-year-old Rilie sneaks out of the house often. She and her friends destroy property, drink alcohol, and smoke cigarettes. Of the following, Rilie would most likely be diagnosed with: conduct disorder. Research shows that over the last several years, college-aged students are placing more value on: self-fulfillment and material gain. In Kohlberg and Piaget's views of moral development, play the primary role, and provide role-taking opportunities. Blank 1: peers ______ is an organized set of beliefs, whereas ______ refers to the degree of affiliation with an organized religion. Religion; religiousness Darcia Narváez argues that attention should be focused on ______, which involve focusing on students' sense of purpose, social engagement, community connections, and ethics. sustaining climates The label ______ is applied to an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal. juvenile delinquent Securely attached adolescents are more inclined to adopt the religious orientation of their: parents. Beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be according to what is important to an individual are: values. According to the World Values Survey, 18- to 24-year-olds in less developed countries were ______ likely to be religious compared to emerging adults in more developed countries. more Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent-child relationship that contribute to children's moral development? relational quality As a result of cognitive development in adolescents, adolescents and emerging adults: may begin to question their own religious beliefs. ______ involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society. Spirituality Religion and coping focus on -making coping. meaning The hidden curriculum is reflected in all of the following EXCEPT: explicit moral instruction Baumeister and Vohs found that which of the following four main needs guide how people try to make sense of their lives? Need for a sense of efficacy If a religious change is going to take place it will usually take place during adolescence. Based on a developmental study, which of the following statements apply to developmental changes in religiousness from ages 14 to 20? More change occurred in attending religious services than in religiousness. Adolescents and emerging adults can question and select their own beliefs about religion because of advancement in development. cognitive Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding religion and coping? Religiousness impairs effective coping. Need for purpose present events draw meaning from their connection with future events; divided into goals and fulfillments Need for values can lend a sense of goodness to life and justifies certain courses of action; enables people to decide whether certain acts are right or wrong Need for sense of efficacy belief that one can make difference Need for self-worth \individual needs to be a good person; feeling that one is good at doing something or self-esteem derived from group belonging hich of the following is LEAST likely to influence the religion and religiousness of adolescents? Media and school What is defined as the ability to discern another's inner psychological state? Perspective taking ____ morality is the name of the second stage of Piaget's moral development. In this state, children older than 10 become aware that rules and laws are created by people. Autonomous What are the two levels in Kohlberg's post-conventional level of moral reasoning? Universal ethical
principles Moral reasoning is primarily interpreted in term of rewards and punishments Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning Moral judgements are based on law and social order Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning Moral ___ is when moral notions and commitments are central to their life Identity ____ refers to age inappopriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, society's standards and the personal or property rights of others Conduct disorder The social cognitive theory of morality emphasized a distinction between an individual's moral _____ and moral _____ Competence and performance What are the two many components of the superego? Ego ideal and conscience What are the two stages in Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning 1.Social systems morality What are the two stages of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning? 1.Individual rights Proponents of ____ believe that certain behaviors are wrong and that every school should have an explicit moral code that teaches students what is right and wrong
Character education Children at the ____ stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people Heteronomous Which of the following are the two stages in Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning 1. Heteronomous morality, or punishment and obedience
orientation ____ development involves changes in thoughts, feelings and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong Moral What term involved responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes that person's feelings? Empathy In which way did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development? He interviewed children, giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve. Carol Gilligan's _____ perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others and concern for others. Care ____ is the feeling of obligation to return a favor for a favor. Reciprocity Kohlberg argued that: _____ are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages Peer interaction Piaget's first stage of moral development is called the ____ stage Heteronomous _____ is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and community assistance Service learning Theorist Damon emphasizes the role of empathy in moral development with _______ and _____ Positive and negative What is the moral branch of the personality in psychoanalytic theory? Superego Researchers have focused attention on which three possible components of moral personality Moral character ... parental
discipline ____ refers to actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal Juvenile delinquency Volunteering and ____ behavior have been linked to strengthening of the immune system Altruistic According to Kohlberg, the effect of family on moral development is: Not as important as peer relations Researchers have defined moral ____ as consisting of moral identity, moral character and moral exemplars Personality What are criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? 1. He didn't adequately take the influences of culture and family into account Carol Gilligan question Lawrence Kohlberg's ___ perspective of moral development and argued for a care perspective which views people in terms of their connectedness with others. Justice An increasing number of studies have shown that ____ can have a strong influence on delinquincy Siblings According to Frued, two moral devices help the superego enforce moral behavior. The ____ rewards children, whereas the ___ punishes children. Ego
ideal Moral ___ is determined by motivation and the rewards and incentives to act in a specific moral way. Performance Young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will follow inevitably. This is a belief in: Immanent justice ___ therapy is often effective in reducing delinquency Family What factors influence moral decisions made by individuals? Punishment According to the Pittsburgh Youth Study, what are three developmental pathways to delinquency? Authority conflict Prosocial behavior includes ___ and ____, the ability to be thankful and appreciative. Forgiveness, gratitude Moral ____ is another way to provide moral education, helping people to see and understand what their lives mean and what is worth working for Clarification What type of reasoning is arbitrary and focuses on rules established to control behavior and maintain the social system? Social conventional Moral ____ are people who have moral personalities, identity, character and set of virtues that reflect moral excellence and committment Exemplars Most schools don't have a plan for moral education, they provide moral education through a ____, or a moral atmosphere Hidden curriculum The largest gender difference in prosocial behavior is ___ and ____ Kindness and consideration Melissa and Andrea went to Peru with their parents to help build a school for local villagers. They participated in: Service learning Nicolehad the opportunity to cheat on her math exam, however she had the ability to resist temptation and exercise _____ Self-control ___ percent of all youths are involved in juvenile delinquency Two percent ____ behaviors or conduct disorders are much more common in males than in females Antiscocial Donna perceives herself as a good person. She has high ___ Self contempt, self esteem, identity strength, self perception self esteem "I am a good football player" is a statement that refers to a person's self- ______. Restraint, concept, reliance, control
concept According to Bandura, the concept of _____ -_______ is the belief the one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes. self efficacy In which of the following ways did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development? He performed natural observation, the interview children giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve, he did experimental research on a large group of children and studied their moral preference, he did correlational research the interview children giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve Match Kohlberg's level of moral reasoning with its explanation: 1.c According to Kohlberg, preconventional reasoning is characterized by _____ internalization Full, intermediate, partial, no no _____ reasoning is the lowest level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg. Preconventional, conventional, postconventional, unconventional preconventional _____ reasoning is the second, or intermediate, level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. conventional Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning includes two stages: interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity is one and _____ _____ morality is the other. social systems Which of the following are the two levels in Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning? Universal ethical principles, individualism/instrumental purpose/and exchange, social contract or utility and individual rights, heteronomous morality universal ethical principles, social contract or utility and individual rights In the _____ theory of moral development, children's and adolescents' moral, social conventional, and personality knowledge and reasoning emerge from their attempts to understand and deal with different forms of social experience. domain The study of _____ behavior puts more emphasis on the behavioral aspects of moral development. Universal, conventional, justice-seeking, prosocial prosocial Five year old Billy should like to rough house and play with trucks, while his twin sister, becky, is supposed to be kind to others and enjoy playing with dolls. These are examples of gender ____ Concepts, stereotypes, regulations, androgyny stereotypes
Compared to men, women have about ______ the body fat Three times, half, twice, four times twice Research has revealed ____ gender differences in general intellectual ability, No, some, significant, specific no Which of the following statements are accurate regarding gender differences in emotion? Girls are more likely to express their emotions openly and intensely than boys, boys are more likely to show less self regulation than girls, girls are more likely to show less self-regulation than boys, girls are better at decoding emotions than boys Girls are more likely to express their emotions openly and intensely than boys, boys are more likely to show less self regulation than girls, girls are better at decoding emotions than boys The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person is called ____ Moral identity, androgyny, asexuality, the "sensitive male" androgyny When males are told they should show little if any emotion and should act tough they are describing William Pollack's description of the ____ code Boy, strong, man, gender boy One important aspect of development in middle and late childhood is the ability to self regulate, which is the ability to _____ Globally evaluate myself, manage my behavior/emotions/thoughts, make domain-specific evaluations of the self, genuinely empathize with others manage my behavior/emotions/thoughts Which of the statements is FALSE regarding emotional development in middle and alte childhood? Children in middle and late childhood do not understand that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular situation, children in elementary school have an increase understanding of complex emotions, children in middle and late childhood have improved their ability to suppress negative emotional reactions, children in middle and late childhood have a capacity for genuine empathy Children in middle and late childhood do not understand that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular situation _____ reasoning is the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development postconventional Kohlberg argued that which of the following factors are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages perspective taking, experince in dealing with moral questions, peer interaction What is a major criticism of Kohlberg's theory? There is too much emphasis on moral thought, not moral behavior, there are not enough stages in his theory of moral development, his theory emphasizes relationships rather than abstract principles, his stage of industry versus inferiority does not adequately explain what occurs in middle and late childhood. there is too much emphasis on moral thought, not moral behavior True or false: Although kohlberg's approach does capture much of the moral reasoning voiced in various cultures around the world, his approach fails to capture important moral concepts in particular cultures.
true In a(n) _____ stepfamily structure, otherwise known as a complex stepfamily structure, both parents bring children from previous marriages to live in the newly formed stepfamily. blended Which five peer statuses have been identified by researchers? Popular, average, rejected, controversial, neglected, bullying, special popular, average, rejected, controversial, neglected In terms of peer status, the ______ child is frequently nominated as a best friend and is rarely disliked by peers popular Peer bullying and harassment on the internet is known as _____ cyberbullying Friendship among children is generally characterized by _____ in terms of age, sex, and race, among other factors. This is also true for adult friendships. similarity Which of the following structures are accurate regarding gender differences in emotion? Boys are more likely to show less self-regulation than girls, girls are more likely to show less self-regulation than boys, girls are more likely to express their emotions openly and intensely than boys, girls are better at decoding emotions than boys boys are more likely to show less self-regulation than girls, girls are more likely to express their emotions openly and intensely than boys, girls are better at decoding emotions than boys True or false: Kohlberg believes that the give and take among peers gives children an opportunity to identify the perspective of another person true Which of the following are criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? He did not adequately take the influences of culture and family into account, he based the theory on hypothetical moral situations which is not the same as moral behavior, he developed eight stages of development across the life span and many think this is too few, he concerned himself too much with the care perspective He did not adequately take the influences of culture and family into account, he based the theory on hypothetical moral situations which is not the same as moral behavior Kohlberg's theory has been criticized because it places too much emphasis on moral ____ and not enough on moral _____ thought, behavior True or false: Although Kohlberg's approach does capture much of the moral reasoning voiced in various cultures around the world, his approach fails to capture important moral concepts in particular cultures true Kohlberg argued that family processes are ____ in children's moral development Essential, totally unimportant, essentially unimportant essentially unimportant In contrast to Kohlberg's justice perspective, Gilligan's ____ perspective views people and their moral reasoning in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others. care Regarding Gilligan's argument that Kohlberg's theory is based on male norm, what does recent research indicate regarding potential differences between boys and girls? Girls' moral orientations are somewhat more likely to focus on care for others than on abstract principles of justice, both girls and boys are more likely to focus on abstract principles of justice than on care for others, girls are very unlikely to utilize abstract principles of justice, boys are not likely to focus on care for others, veen when the situation calls for it girls' moral orientations are somewhat more likely to focus on care for others than on abstract principles of justice Social conventional reasoning asserts that conventional rules are____ Arbitrary and can be changed by consensus, obligatory and can be changed by census, arbitrary and cannot be changed, obligatory and cannot be changed arbitrary and can be changed by consnsus
According to domain theory, which of these types of reasoning states that rules are arbitrary and established to control behavior and maintain the social system? social conventional reasoning The care-perspective-versus-justice-perspective controversy illustrates that _____ identity may affect how people think about things gender Researchers have found that gender stereotypes for children are more rigid with ____ (boys/girls) than with ____ (boys/girls). boys, girls Which gender views itself as more prosocial and empathic? females Which of the following are true regarding features of the brain in women and men? the female brain has more folds and more surface brain tissue than the male brain, the female brain is smaller than the male brain What has recent research into gender differences in math ability in the U.S. found? there are no significant difference in math test scores for boys and girls Aggression, emotion, and ___ behavior are three areas of socioemotional development in which gender similarities and differences have been studied prosocial Boys are consistently more ___ aggressive than girls physically Ten year old Alexis and her friend Chloe have been spreading untrue rumors around school about classmate Ginger because they were offended when Ginger declined to join their group. This is an example of ____ ______. relational aggression studies report that there is ___ association between religious participation and longevity a positive heteronomous morality is the first stage of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning; individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange is the second according to Frankl, the 3 most distinct human qualities are: -responsibility a child who considers a person's intentions, as well as the consequences of a given action, is in Piaget's ___ morality stage autonomous moral development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning includes two stages: interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity is one; ___ ___ morality is the other social systems proponents of ___ ___ believe that certain behaviors are wrong and that every school should have explicit moral code that teaches students what is right and wrong character education men consistently show ___ interest in religion compared to women less perspective taking is defined as the ability to discern another's inner psychological state children at the ___ stage of Piaget's moral reasoning view justice and rules as unchangeable and not under the control of people heteronomous Kohlberg developed a theory of moral development that involved three levels and six stages the social cognitive theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral ___ and moral ___ competence; performance moral branch of personality in psychoanalytic theory superego carol gilligan's ___ perspective is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others care moral identity is when moral notions and commitments are central to their life responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings is known as empathy social cognitive theory of morality emphasizes a distinction between an individual's moral competence and moral performance
How did Kohlberg formulate his theory of moral development? he interviewed children, giving them theoretical moral dilemmas to solve Piaget's first stage of moral development is called the ___ stage heteronomous Kohlberg argues these factors are the most important influences on a child's movement through the moral stages -experience in dealing with moral questions how many US states currently have mandates to include character education in school curriculum? 40 juvenile delinquency refers to actions taken by an adolescent in breaking the law or engaging in behavior that is considered illegal researchers have focused attention on which 3 possible components of moral personality? moral: character, identity, exemplars volunteering and ___ behavior have been linked to strengthening of the immune system altruistic the major criticism of Kohlberg theory has been that: there is a difference between moral thought and moral behavior religion has been associated with adolescents': -health Gilligan questions Kohlberg's ___ perspective of moral development and argued for a ___ perspective which view people in terms of their connectedness with others justice; care According to Freud, two moral devices help the superego enforce moral behavior. The ___ rewards children, whereas the ___ punishes children ego ideal; conscience young children believe that when a rule is broken, punishment will follow inevitably. this is a belief in: immanent justice researcher Garbarino found a ___ emptiness in young killers he interviewed spiritual family therapy often effective reducing delinquency what type of parenting style inhibits the advancement of moral reasoning in young children? authoritarian according to kohlberg, the effect of family on moral development is: not as important as peer relations an increasing number of studies have shown that ___ can have a strong influence on deliquency siblings behaviors that have been linked to health benefits for older adults volunteering and altruistic acts factors that may be the cause for deliquency -heredity moral clarification is another way to provide moral education, helping people to see and understand what their lives meand and what is worth working for moral performance is determined by motivation and the rewards and incentives to act in a specific moral way in kohlberg's and piaget's views of moral development ___ play the primary role, and ___ provide role-taking opportunities peers; parents qualities that researchers have used to evaluate childrens conscience development whether a child: adolescence and emerging adulthood can question and select their own belief about religion because of the advanced ___ development cognitive factors that influence moral decision made by individuals -punishment ___ and spiritual beliefs plays a role in adolescents' health and whether they engage in problem behaviors religion religion organized set of beliefs religiousness degree of affiliation with an organized religion moral competence include what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors prosocial behavior includes ___ and _itude__ the ability to be thankful and appreciative forgiveness; gratitude moral exemplars people who have moral personalities, identity, character, and set of virtues that reflect moral excellence and commitment prosocial behavior is caring about the welfare and right of others, feeling concern and empathy religion and coping focus on ___-making coping involves drawing beliefs, values, and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation meaning What is Moral Development? o Involves changes in thoughts, feelings and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong Piaget's Theory of Moral Development - Concluded that children go through two distinct stages, separated by a transition period, in how they think about morality Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development o Level 1 Basic Processes of Moral Behavior - Behavior is situationally dependent Social cognitive theory o Moral competencies include Moral Feelings and Psychoanalytic Theory - According to Freud, guilt and the desire to avoid feeling guilty are the foundation of moral behavior Empathy - Positive Feelings, such as empathy contribute to the child's moral development Contemporary Perspective " Child developmentalists' conclude that both positive and negative feelings contribute to children's moral development Social Cognitive Domain Theory - Judith Smetana has proposed this theory Parents, Peers and schools - Piaget and Kohlberg held that parents do not provide unique or essential inputs to
children's moral development Prosocial and antisocial behavior - Prosocial behavior: Caring about the welfare and rights of others, feeling concern and empathy for them, and acting in a way that
benefits others are all components Changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right and wrong are termed: moral development. conscience development. religious devotion. spiritual awakening moral development. What main method did Kohlberg use to evaluate moral reasoning? interviews about personal moral behavior interviews about moral dilemma stories multisetting observation standardized testing interviews about moral dilemma stories Which theory of morality emphasizes the distinction between individuals' ability to perform moral behavior and actual moral behavior in specific situations? justice perspective psychoanalytic social convention social cognitive social cognitive Control over one's body, privacy, and choice of friends are examples of __________ issues. moral social conventional personal autonomous personalpersonal Recent studies show which of the following about the religiousness of college students? upward trend in religious interest downtrend in religious interest upward trend in ultraconservative religions downtrend in "alternative" community-based religions downtrend in religious interest In the contemporary perspective on moral development, what contributes to children's moral development? parents' modeled standards and behaviors biological predisposition rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings extrinsic rewards and punishments rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does a person understand that values and laws are relative, and that standards may vary person to person? heteronomous morality mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity social systems morality social contract or utility and individual rights social contract or utility and individual rights According to Kochanska and her colleagues (2002), young children: do not feel guilt. are aware of right and wrong. indicate pleasure following doing something wrong. do not have the capacity to show empathy toward others. are aware of right and wrong. Research shows that over the last several years, college-aged students are placing more value on: family relationships. environmental issues. self-fulfillment and material gain. global aide and travel. self-fulfillment and material gain. What is the moral branch of the personality in psychoanalytic theory? superego ego id conscience superego The care perspective on moral behavior emphasizes: connectedness, interpersonal communication, and relationships. the rights of the individual. that individuals stand alone and independently make moral decisions. social customs and conventions. connectedness, interpersonal communication, and relationships. Proponents of __________ believe that certain behaviors are wrong, and that every school should have an explicit moral code that teaches students what is right and wrong. a values clarification program a hidden curriculum character education the social cognitive theory of morality character education Which of the following is true of adolescents' religious involvement? Low religious involvement is correlated with stronger family relationships. Lack of religious involvement triples the chance of an adolescent engaging in delinquent behaviors. Religious adolescents have lower grades due to over-involvement with church activities. Religious adolescents are almost three times as likely to engage in community service. Religious adolescents are almost three times as likely to engage in community service. The justice perspective on moral behavior focuses on: universal ethics. laws and punishment. interpersonal communication, relationships, and connectedness. the rights of the individual. the rights of the individual During what age period do children transition between Piaget's heteronomous and autonomous morality? 4 to 7 years 7 to 10 years 10 to 14 years 14 to 17 years 7 to 10 years When children become aware that rules and laws are created by people, and can judge action, by considering the actor's intentions as well as the consequences, they are displaying: immanent justice. homonomous morality. heteronomous morality. autonomous morality. autonomous morality. According to Victor Frankl, the three MOST distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility, and: meaning. spirituality. religion. faith. spirituality. Approximately what percentage of Americans said that they pray everyday (Pew Research Center, 2008)? 45% 58% 75% 90% 58% Walter Mischel purports that self-control is strongly influenced by: religious participation. biological underpinnings. cognitive factors. temperament. cognitive factors. Which dimension of moral development regulates social interactions and arbitrates conflict? intrapersonal interpersonal community cultural interpersonal Most people adopt the religious teachings of their upbringing. If a religious change or awakening does occur, it is MOST likely to happen during: a mid-life crisis. early adulthood. adolescence. late adulthood. adolescence. Beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be according to what is important to an individual are: values. schemas. scripts. priority concepts. values. Age-inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms, and personal or property rights of others describe: a conduct disorder. juvenile delinquency. power assertion. ego-destruction. a conduct disorder. What percentage of juvenile delinquency cases involves males? 90% 65% 80% 40% not: 65% Compared to middle adulthood, religious interests __________ in late adulthood. increase for men and decrease for women increase for women and decrease for men decrease for both men and women increase for both men and women increase for both men and women According to Piaget, parent-child relations are less likely to foster moral development than peer relations, because: parents are inconsistent in delivering consequences for broken rules. peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules. parents hand down rules and punishment in an authoritarian way. peers settle disagreements by instituting clear and immediate social sanctions. parents hand down rules and punishment in an authoritarian way. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, what is the foundation of moral behavior? guilt and the desire to avoid feeling guilty cognitive factors self-regulation and self-worth rewards and punishment guilt and the desire to avoid feeling guilty Carol Gilligan's work on moral development has been criticized because: the theory is not testable. her predictions are only valid for females. the "distinctive voice" concept is true only of females in middle age. girls use both moral orientations, caring and justice, as needed. not: the theory is not testable. Situation-specific ethical behavior is known as: autonomous reasoning. moral competence. moral performance. heteronomous reasoning. moral performance. When children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world that are out of the control of people, they are displaying: relativistic justice. autonomous morality. heteronomous morality. homonomous morality heteronomous morality. An approach to moral instruction that encourages students to define their own principles and recognize the standards of others is called: the hidden curriculum. social convention identification. moral education. values clarification. values clarification. What are the two main components of the superego? ego and id ego ideal and conscience guilt and motivation to avoid feeling guilty sexual attraction and sexual repression ego ideal and conscience In the contemporary perspective on moral development, what contributes to children's moral development? parents' modeled standards and behaviors biological predisposition rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings extrinsic rewards and punishments rewarding positive feelings and punishing negative feelings Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent/child relationship that contribute to children's moral development quizlet?Among the most important aspects of the relationship between parents and children that contribute to children's moral development are relational quality, parental discipline, proactive strategies, and conversational dialogue.
Which elements do most Developmentalists emphasize as the parent's role in moral development?What do most developmentalists emphasize as the parent's role in moral development? Theorist Damon, emphasizes the role of empathy in moral development with positive and negative.
What are the three levels of personal moral development proposed by Kohlberg?He organized his six stages into three general levels of moral development.. Level 1: Preconventional level. At the preconventional level, morality is externally controlled. ... . Level 2: Conventional level. ... . Level 3: Postconventional or principled level.. Which of the following refers to a direct moral education program in which students are taught moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior?Character Education is a direct approach to moral education that involves teaching students basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and doing harm to themselves or others.
|
Which of the following are among the most important aspects of the parent/child relationship that contribute to childrens moral development quizlet?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 berikutyang Inc.
