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Terms in this set (60)Which chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs? mesolimbic dopamine pathway Specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and, when activated, may cause a change in the electrical activity of the neuron, are called receptors Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the autonomic nervous system GABA and glutamate are similar in that they are found throughout the brain and are primarily inhibitory neurotransmitters false Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the brainstem The process of maintaining our internal environment (temperature, water balance, etc.) within certain limits is called homeostasis Which of these is NOT one of the four important regions found in every
neuron? glia MRI and PET are two types of neurotransmitter chemicals. false The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called synthesis In addition to neurons, the brain contains an even larger number of another cell type known as glia Most psychoactive drugs taken orally go directly from the stomach to the brain. false Of the following routes of administration, which will produce fastest onset of effects? inhalation If repeated exposure to a drug increases the activity of the CYP450 enzyme that is responsible for metabolizing that drug, then later doses will be less effective than the first few doses. This is an example of drug disposition tolerance. Which of the following would be a reason for a drug company NOT to pursue expensive clinical trails with a new drug? The therapeutic index is less than 1 The blood-brain barrier prevents many drugs from entering the brain Concussions and cerebral infections can decrease the effectiveness of he blood-brain barrier A drug's generic name can only be used by one company. false According to the text, inexperienced drug users should avoid taking a drug via a route that increases the drug's potency. true The safety margin for a particular drug is based on the idea that toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses In some cases, repeated use of a drug leads to pharmacodynamic tolerance, which is based on reduced sensitivity of neurons After oral administration, most absorption of the drug molecules takes place in the small intestine. The threshold on a dose-response curve is the lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug Among the psychoactive drugs, alcohol can be classified as a(n) depressant The time course of a drug's action depends on a. how the drug is administered. all of the above!!!!* For many psychoactive drugs, such as nicotine and cocaine, the fastest way to get an effect is by inhaling the drug's vapors. true Suppose you wanted to prescribe a hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system. Which would you choose? ? The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is norepinephrine. Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called endorphins Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to
dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on the type of receptor Newer local anesthetics are simple modifications of the cocaine molecule that do not pass the blood-brain barrier and thus do not produce cocaine-like feelings of euphoria true Unlike neurons, glial cells in the brain are purely for support and are incapable of communicating with each other. false Weight control, aggression, impulsivity, and psychological depression have all been associated with serotonin pathways Parkinson's disease patients are often treated with dopamine because L-dopa cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. false The complex branching parts of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called dendrites. true It is possible to have an action potential that is relatively small in magnitude (if few channels are open). false Cocaine selectively blocks Na+ (sodium) channels, which is the mechanism that leads to local anesthetic effects. The brain imaging technique that involves injection of radioactive chemicals in order to measure brain function is called positron emission tomography (PET) Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the synapse ______________ results from a loss of myelin wrappings. Multiple sclerosis The potency of a drug is defined in terms of the amount required to produce an effect Most of our drugs originally came either directly or indirectly from plants Nonspecific effects of taking a drug are those that do not depend on its chemical activity. They are sometimes referred to as placebo effects If you want to get very high concentrations of cocaine to the brain very rapidly, which route of administration would you probably use? intravenous Most drugs have three different kinds of names. Which of them belongs to a specific manufacturer? brand name For most therapeutic effects, there is a maximum effect, and increasing the dose more just increases the number and type of side effects. true Because the effects of stimulants and depressants counteract each other, taking these drugs in combination does not produce intoxication. false When neither the person taking the drug nor the person evaluating the effects of the drug knows which people are getting the experimental drug and which people are getting the placebo, this procedure is referred to as a(n) double-blind procedure. Which of these is given its own classification category, due to its complex effects at different doses? marijuana Regardless of the route of administration, psychoactive drugs reach the brain tissue by way of the bloodstream The text uses an example of overlapping dose-response curves for slowed reaction time, ataxia (staggering), and coma to illustrate that different drug-related effects can have different thresholds. The group of psychoactive drugs called stimulants includes cocaine Marijuana and heroin are both considered to be opioid drugs. false The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911, is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact? Different routes of administration can producing markedly different drug effects. The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by CYP450 enzymes in the liver. In the neuron, neurotransmitters are stored in the myelin sheaths. false One of the main ways that drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems is by cutting off blood flow to a specific brain structure. false Drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems in two main ways: either by altering the availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse, or by acting directly on the receptors. Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each action potential.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain and is considered inhibitory? GABA Students also viewedSubstance Abuse Chapter 5 study questions40 terms genshep Substance Abuse Chapter 4 study questions34 terms genshep Chapter 410 terms magali_carrillo7 Chapter 4 Drug Use and Abuse22 terms annaunderdown Sets found in the same folderSubstance Abuse Chapter 4 study questions34 terms genshep Substance Abuse Chapter 14 Study Questions41 terms genshep Substance Abuse Chapter 5 study questions40 terms genshep Substance Abuse Chapter 6 Study Questions39 terms genshep Other sets by this creatorAnth 131 final96 terms daisyc271 Anth 7 Midterm79 terms daisyc271 ESS 3 Midterm66 terms daisyc271 ch 11 & 1255 terms daisyc271 Verified questions
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain and is considered inhibitory group of answer choices?GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult vertebrate brain.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain and is considered inhibitory quizlet?GABA and glutamate are similar in that they are found throughout the brain and are primarily inhibitory neurotransmitters.
What are the most common neurotransmitters in the brain quizlet?Terms in this set (5). Acetylcholine. Involved in hearing and memory.. Dopamine. Emotional behavior, necessary for voluntary movement.. Serotonin. Influences mood, some muscle function and hunger.. Glutamate. Involved in learning, memory, and brain development.. GABA. Prevents a neuron from generating a nerve impulse.. |
Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain quizlet?
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