Which of the following refers to an amount added to the cost of a product to create the price at which a channel member will sell the product?

Use this specification to format your product information for Merchant Center programs, such as Shopping ads, free product listings, and Buy on Google. Submitting your product data to Google in the correct format is important for creating successful ads and free listings for your products. Google uses this data to make sure that it's matched to the right queries.

Before you begin

If you're new to Merchant Center, get started with the onboarding guide.

Other requirements to keep in mind

Additional product data specifications

Definitions

  • Product. Word that describes the actual product that your potential customers would be searching for on Google.
  • Item. Word that describes a product once it's been added to your product data, either in a text feed, XML feed, or API. For example, an item is one line in your text feed.
  • Variant. Word that describes a product that comes in different variations. For example, a shirt that comes in different sizes has size variants.

Quick reference

Click the name of an attribute to view full details, including more information about the minimum requirements, best practices, and examples.

Basic product data

The product information you submit using these attributes is our foundation for creating successful ads and free listings for your products. Make sure everything you submit is of the quality you'd show to a customer.

AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
ID [id]

Required

Your product’s unique identifier

Example
A2B4

Syntax
Max 50 characters

Schema.org property
Product.sku

  • Use a unique value for each product. Use the product's SKU where possible. The ID value does not need to be a product identifier, like an MPN, though it can be if your SKU for the product matches the MPN.
  • Keep the ID the same when updating your data
  • Use only valid unicode characters. Avoid invalid characters like control, function, or private area characters
  • Use the same ID for the same product - across countries or languages
Title [title]

Required

Your product’s name

Example
Mens Pique Polo Shirt

Syntax
Max 150 characters

Schema.org property
Product.name

  • Accurately describe your product and match the title from your landing page
  • Don’t include promotional text like "free shipping," all capital letters, or gimmicky foreign characters
  • For variants
    • Include a distinguishing feature such as color or size
  • For mobile devices
    • Include “with contract” if sold with a contract
    • For the United States, include “with payment plan” if sold in installments
  • For Russia
    • For books and other information products, include the age rating at the beginning of the title
Description [description]

Required

Your product’s description

Example
Made from 100% organic cotton, this classic red men’s polo has a slim fit and signature logo embroidered on the left chest. Machine wash cold; imported.

Syntax
Max 5000 characters

Schema.org property
Product.description

  • Accurately describe your product and match the description from your landing page
  • Don’t include promotional text like "free shipping," all capital letters, or gimmicky foreign characters
  • Include only information about the product. Don’t include links to your store, sales information, details about competitors, other products, or accessories
  • Use formatting (for example, line breaks, lists, or italics) to format your description
Link [link]

Required

Your product’s landing page

Example
http://​www.example.​com/​asp​/sp.asp?cat=​12&id=1030

Schema.org property
Offer.​url

  • Use your verified domain name
  • Start with http or https
  • Use an encoded URL that complies with RFC 2396 or RFC 1738. For example, a comma would be represented as "%2C"
  • Don't link to an interstitial page unless legally required
Image link [image_link]

Required

The URL of your product’s main image

Example
http:// www.example.com/image1.jpg

Schema.org property
Product.image

  • For the image URL:
    • Link to the main image of your product
    • Start with http or https
    • Use an encoded URL that complies with RFC 2396 or RFC 1738. For example, a comma would be represented as "%2C"
    • Make sure the URL can be crawled by Google (robots.txt configuration allowing Googlebot and Googlebot-image)
  • For the image:
    • Accurately display the product you're selling
    • Use an accepted format: JPEG (.jpg/.jpeg), WebP (.webp), PNG (.png), non-animated GIF (.gif), BMP (.bmp), and TIFF (.tif/.tiff)
    • For non-apparel products, use an image of at least 100 x 100 pixels
    • For apparel products, use an image of at least 250 x 250 pixels
    • Don't submit an image larger than 64 megapixels or a file larger than 16MB
    • Don't scale up an image or submit a thumbnail
    • Don't include promotional text, watermarks, or borders
    • Don't submit a placeholder or a generic image Exceptions:
      • In Hardware (632) or Vehicles & Parts (888) categories, illustrations are accepted.
      • In any paint category, single color images are allowed
Additional image link [additional_image_link]

Optional

The URL of an additional image for your product

Example
http://www.example.com/image1.jpg

Syntax
Max 2000 characters

  • Meet the requirements for the image link [image_​link] attribute with these exceptions:
    • The image can include product staging and show the product in use
    • Graphics or illustrations can be included
  • Submit up to 10 additional product images by including this attribute multiple times
Mobile link [mobile_link]

Optional

Your product’s mobile-optimized landing page when you have a different URL for mobile and desktop traffic

Example
http://www.m.example.com/asp/ sp.asp?cat=12 id=1030

Syntax
Max 2000 alphanumeric characters

  • Meet the requirements for the link [link] attribute

Price & availability

These attributes define the price and availability for your products. This information is shown to potential customers in your ads and free listings. If your products' prices and availability change often, keep in mind that you'll need to let Google know about all the updates to be able to show your products. Check out these tips for keeping your product information fresh.

AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance

Availability
[availability]

Required

Your product's availability

Example
in_stock

Supported values

  • In stock [in_stock]
  • Out of stock [out_of_stock]
  • Preorder [preorder]
  • Backorder [backorder]

Schema.org property
Offer.availability

  • Accurately submit the product's availability and match the availability from your landing page and checkout pages.
  • Provide the availability date [availability_date] attribute (with a value up to 1 year in the future) if the availability is set to preorder or backorder
Availability date
[availability_date]

Requiredif product availability is set to preorderor backorder

The date a preordered or backordered product becomes available for delivery

Example
(For UTC+1)
2016-02-24T11:07+0100

Syntax

  • Max 25 alphanumeric characters
  • ISO 8601
    • YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm [+hhmm]
    • YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ

Schema.org property
Offer.availabilityStarts

  • Use this attribute if your product's availability is set to preorder or backorder. Provide a value up to 1 year in the future.
  • The availability date should also be added to the product’s landing page and be clear to your customers (for example, “May 6, 2023”). If an exact date can’t be provided, you can use an estimated date (for example, “May 2023”).
Cost of goods sold
[cost_of_goods_sold]

Optional

The costs associated with the sale of a particular product as defined by the accounting convention you set up. These costs may include material, labor, freight, or other overhead expenses. By submitting the COGS for your products, you gain insights about other metrics, such as your gross margin and the amount of revenue generated by your ads and free listings.

Example
23.00 USD

Syntax

  • ISO 4217 codes
  • Use '.' rather than ',' to indicate a decimal point
  • Numeric
 
Expiration date
[expiration_date]

Optional

The date that your product should stop showing

Example
(For UTC+1)
2016-07-11T11:07+0100

Syntax

  • Max 25 alphanumeric characters
  • ISO 8601
    • YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm [+hhmm]
    • YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ
  • Use a date less than 30 days in the future
  • Note that a latency of several hours may occur
Price [price]

Required

Your product’s price

Example
15.00 USD

Syntax

  • Numeric
  • ISO 4217

Schema.org property
Offer.price + Offer.priceCurrency

Offer.priceSpecification

  • Accurately submit the product's price and currency, and match with the price from your landing page and at checkout
  • Make sure that your landing page and the checkout pages include the price in the currency of the target country prominently and in a place that's straightforward to find
  • Ensure that the product can be purchased online for the submitted price
  • Make sure that any customer in the target country can buy the product for the submitted price, and without paying for a membership
    • Add any minimum order value in your shipping settings
  • Don't submit a price of 0 (a price of 0 is allowed for mobile devices sold with a contract)
  • For products sold in bulk quantities, bundles, or multipacks
    • Submit the total price of the minimum purchasable quantity, bundle, or multipack
  • For the US and Canada
    • Don't include tax in the price
  • For all other countries
    • Include value added tax (VAT) or Goods and Services Tax (GST) in the price
  • For additional options to submit price-related information, see the following attributes:
    • Unit pricing measure [unit_pricing_measure]
    • Unit pricing base measure [unit_pricing_base_measure]
    • Sale price [sale_price]
    • Subscription cost [subscription_cost]
    • Installment [installment]
Sale price
[sale_price]

Optional

Your product's sale price

Example
15.00 USD

Syntax

  • Numeric
  • ISO 4217
  • Meet the requirements for the price [price] attribute
  • Submit this attribute (sale price )in addition to the price [price] attribute set to the non-sale price
  • Accurately submit the product's sale price, and match the sale price with your landing page and the checkout pages
Sale price effective date [sale_price_effective_date]

Optional

The date range during which the sale price applies

Example
(For UTC+1)
2016-02-24T11:07+0100 /
2016-02-29T23:07+0100

Syntax

  • Max 51 alphanumeric characters
  • ISO 8601
    • YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm [+hhmm]
    • YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ
  • Separate start date and end date with /
  • Use together with the sale price [sale_price] attribute
  • If you don't submit this attribute (sale price effective date), the sale price always applies
  • Use a start date before the end date
Unit pricing measure
[unit_pricing_measure]

Optional (except when required by local laws or regulations)

The measure and dimension of your product as it is sold

Example
1.5kg

Syntax
Numerical value + unit

Supported units

  • Weight: oz, lb, mg, g, kg
  • Volume US imperial: floz, pt, qt, gal
  • Volume metric: ml, cl, l, cbm
  • Length: in, ft, yd, cm, m
  • Area: sqft, sqm
  • Per unit: ct

Schema.org property
Offer.
priceSpecification.
referenceQuantity

  • Use the measure or dimension of the product without packaging
  • Use a positive number
  • For variants
    • Include the same value for item group ID [item_group_id] and different values for unit pricing measure

Unit pricing base measure [unit_pricing_base_measure]

Optional (except when required by local laws or regulations)

The product’s base measure for pricing (for example, 100ml means the price is calculated based on a 100ml units)

Example
100g

Syntax
Integer + unit

Supported integers
1, 10, 100, 2, 4, 8

Supported units

  • Weight: oz, lb, mg, g, kg
  • Volume US imperial: floz, pt, qt, gal
  • Volume metric: ml, cl, l, cbm
  • Length: in, ft, yd, cm, m
  • Area: sqft, sqm
  • Per unit: ct

Additional supported metric integer + unit combinations
75cl, 750ml, 50kg, 1000kg

Schema.org property
Offer.priceSpecification.
referenceQuantity.
valueReference

  • Optional when you submit the unit pricing measure [unit_pricing_measure] attribute
  • Use the same unit of measure for this attribute (unit pricing measure) and unit pricing base measure
  • Keep in mind that the price (or sale price, if active) is used to calculate the unit price of the product. For example, if the price [price] attribute is set to 3 USD, unit pricing measure is 150ml, and unit pricing base measure is set to 100ml, then the unit price is 2 USD / 100ml
Installment
[installment]

Optional (Available in Latin America for all product categories and in certain other countries for showing wireless products and services only)

Details of an installment payment plan

Example
6,50 BRL

SyntaxThis attribute uses 2 sub-attributes:

  • Months [months] (Required)
    Integer, the number of installments the buyer has to pay.
  • Amount [amount] (Required)
    ISO 4217, the amount the buyer has to pay per month
  • Match the installment option that’s visible on your landing page
  • Don't require a loyalty card
  • For Latin America, make sure the price [price] attribute is the total price when paid in full up-front and use the installment [installment] attribute to indicate an alternative payment option using installments.
  • For other countries, use the price attribute (as low as 0) as the up-front payment (including any device down payment and activation fees), and the installment attribute for additional monthly installment payments.
Subscription cost
[subscription_cost]

Optional (Available in certain countries for showing wireless products and services only)

Details a monthly or annual payment plan that bundles a communications service contract with a wireless product

Example
month:12:35.00USD

Syntax
This attribute uses 3 sub-attributes:

  • Period [period] (Required)
    The duration of a single subscription period. This sub-attribute uses the following supported values:
    • Month [month]
    • Year [year]
  • Period length [period_length] (Required)
    Integer, the number of subscription periods (months or years) that the buyer must pay.

  • Amount [amount] (Required)
  • ISO 4217, the amount the buyer must pay per month. When displaying this amount, Google may round up to the nearest whole unit of local currency to save space. The provided value must still exactly match the amount as shown on your site.
  • Submit the price [price] attribute with the total amount due at checkout (including down payment and activation fee).

  • Match the communications payment plan that you display on your landing page. The plan must be easy to find on the landing page.

Loyalty points
[loyalty_points]

Optional (Available for Japan only)

The number and type of loyalty points a customer receives when buying a product

Example
Program A, 100, 1.5

Syntax
This attribute uses 3 sub-attributes:

  • Loyalty point value [points_​value] (Required)
    Number of points earned for the product
  • Loyalty points program name [name] (Optional)
    Name of the loyalty points program, 12 full-width characters or 24 roman characters
  • Ratio [ratio] (Optional)
    Number, the ratio of a point when converted to currency
  • Only submit loyalty points with a specific monetary value

Product category

You can use these attributes to organize your advertising campaigns in Google Ads and to override Google’s automatic product categorization in specific cases.

AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
Google product category [google_product_category]

Optional

Google-defined product category for your product

Example
Apparel & Accessories > Clothing > Outerwear > Coats & Jackets

or

371

Syntax
Value from the Google product taxonomy

  • The numerical category ID, or
  • The full path of the category

Supported values
Google product taxonomy

  • Include only 1 category
  • Include the most relevant category
  • Include either the full path of the category or the numerical category ID, but not both. It is recommended to use the category ID.
  • Include a specific category for certain products:
    • Alcoholic beverages must be submitted with one of these categories:
      • Food, Beverages & Tobacco > Beverages > Alcoholic Beverages (ID: 499676), or any of its subcategories
      • Arts & Entertainment > Hobbies & Creative Arts > Homebrewing & Winemaking Supplies (ID: 577), or any of its subcategories
    • Mobile devices sold with contract must be submitted as Electronics > Communications > Telephony > Mobile Phones (ID: 267) for phones or Electronics > Computers > Tablet Computers (ID: 4745) for tablets
    • Gift Cards must be submitted as Arts & Entertainment > Party & Celebration > Gift Giving > Gift Cards & Certificates (ID: 53)
Product type [product_type]

Optional

Product category that you define for your product

Example
Home > Women > Dresses > Maxi Dresses

Syntax

Max 750 alphanumeric character

  • Include the full category. For example, include Home > Women > Dresses > Maxi Dresses instead of just Dresses
  • Only the first product type value will be used to organize bidding and reporting in Google Ads Shopping campaigns

Product identifiers

These attributes are used to provide product identifiers that define the products you're selling in the global marketplace. Google uses product identifiers to understand what you're selling. When we understand what you're selling, we can help boost the performance of your ads and free listings by adding valuable details about the product and serving it in a more relevant way to customers. Learn more about product identifiers.

AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
Brand [brand]

Required (For all new products, except movies, books, and musical recording brands)

Optional for all other products

Your product’s brand name

Example
Google


Syntax
Max 70 characters


Schema.org property
Product.brand.name

  • Provide the brand name of the product generally recognized by consumers
  • Providing the correct brand for a product will ensure the best user experience and result in the best performance.
  • Only provide your own brand name as the brand if you manufacture the product or if your product falls into a generic brand category. For example, you could submit your own brand name as the brand if you sell private-label products or customized jewelry.
  • For products that truly do not have a brand (for example, a vintage dress without a label, generic electronics accessories, etc.) leave this field empty.
  • Don't submit values such as "N/A", "Generic", "No brand", or "Does not exist".
  • For compatible products:
    • Submit the GTIN and brand from the manufacturer who actually built the compatible product
    • Don't provide the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) brand to indicate that your product is compatible with or a replica of the OEM brand's product
GTIN [gtin]

Required (For all products with a known GTIN to enable full offer performance)

Optional (strongly recommended) for all other products

Your product’s Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)

Example
3234567890126

Syntax
Max 50 numeric characters (max 14 per value - added spaces and dashes are ignored)

Supported values

  • UPC (in North America / GTIN-12)
    12-digit number like 323456789012
    8-digit UPC-E codes should be converted to 12-digit codes
  • EAN (in Europe / GTIN-13)
    13-digit number like 3001234567892
  • JAN (in Japan / GTIN-13)
    8 or 13-digit number like 49123456 or 4901234567894
  • ISBN (for books)
    10 or 13-digit number like 1455582344 or 978-1455582341. If you have both, only include the 13-digit number. ISBN-10 are deprecated and should be converted to ISBN-13
  • ITF-14 (for multipacks / GTIN-14)
    14-digit number like 10856435001702

Schema.org property
Product.isbn
Product.gtin
Product.gtin8
Product.gtin12
Product.gtin13
Product.gtin14

  • Exclude dashes and spaces
  • Submit only valid GTINs as defined in the official GS1 validation guide, which includes these requirements:
    • The checksum digit is present and correct
    • The GTIN is not restricted (GS1 prefix ranges 02, 04, 2)
    • The GTIN is not a coupon (GS1 prefix ranges 98 - 99)
  • Providing the correct GTIN for a product will ensure the best user experience and result in the best performance.
  • Only provide a GTIN if you’re sure it is correct. When in doubt don’t provide this attribute (for example, do not guess or make up a value). If you submit a product with an incorrect GTIN value, your product will be disapproved.
  • For compatible products:
    • Submit the GTIN and brand from the manufacturer who actually built the compatible product
    • Don't provide the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) brand to indicate that your product is compatible with or a replica of the OEM brand's product
  • For multipacks:
    • Use the product identifiers that relates to the multipack
  • For bundles:
    • Use the product identifiers for the main product in the bundle
  • If you offer customization, engraving, or other personalization of a product that's been assigned a GTIN by the manufacturer:
    • Submit the GTIN and use the bundle [is_bundle] attribute to let Google know that the product includes customization
MPN [mpn]

Required (Only if your product does not have a manufacturer assigned GTIN)

Optional for all other products

Your product’s Manufacturer Part Number (mpn)

Example
GO12345OOGLE

Syntax
Max 70 alphanumeric characters

Schema.org property
Product.mpn

  • Only submit MPNs assigned by a manufacturer
  • Use the most specific MPN possible. For example, different colors of a product should have different MPNs.
  • Providing the correct MPN for a product (when required) will ensure the best user experience and result in the best performance.
  • Only provide an MPN if you’re sure it’s correct. When in doubt don’t provide this attribute (for example, don’t guess or make up a value).
  • If you submit a product with an incorrect MPN value, your product will be disapproved.
Identifier exists [identifier_exists]

Optional

Use to indicate whether or not the unique product identifiers (UPIs) GTIN, MPN, and brand are available for your product.

Example
no

Supported values

  • Yes [yes]
    Product identifiers are assigned to the new product by the manufacturer
  • No [no]
    Product lacks a brand, GTIN, or MPN (see requirements to the right). If set to no, still provide the UPIs you have.
  • If you don't submit the attribute, the default value is yes
  • Your product’s category type determines which unique product identifiers (GTIN, MPN, brand) are required.
  • Submit the identifier exists attribute and set the value to no if:
    • Your product is a media item and the GTIN is unavailable (Note: ISBN and SBN codes are accepted as GTINs
    • Your product is an apparel (clothing) item and the brand is unavailable
    • In all other categories, your product doesn’t have a GTIN, or a combination of MPN and brand
  • If a product does have unique product identifiers, don’t submit this attribute with a value of “no” or the product may be disapproved.

Detailed product description

These attributes are used to submit particular product characteristics that customers commonly search for. The attributes can help you control how your products show when you show products that have variants. These attributes are also used to help potential customers filter by attributes when searching for products on Google. Learn more about how to submit variants.

AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
Condition [condition]

Required if your product is used or refurbished

Optional for new products

The condition of your product at time of sale

Example
new

Supported values

  • New [new]
    Brand new, original, unopened packaging
  • Refurbished [refurbished]
    Professionally restored to working order, comes with a warranty, may or may not have the original packaging
  • Used [used]
    Previously used, original packaging opened or missing

Schema.org property
Offer.itemCondition

 
Adult [adult]

Required (If a product contains adult content)
Indicate a product includes sexually suggestive content

Example
yes

Supported values

  • Yes [yes]
  • No [no]
  • Set the value of this attribute to yes if this individual product contains nudity or sexually suggestive content. If you don't submit the attribute, the default value is no. Learn about the adult-oriented content policy
  • If your website is generally focused on an adult audience and contains adult-oriented content with or without nudity, navigate to your Merchant Center account, click on the tool icon
    Which of the following refers to an amount added to the cost of a product to create the price at which a channel member will sell the product?
    to open the "Tools and settings" menu, then select Shopping ads setup. Expand the “Adult content” panel, and check the box beside “My website primarily contains adult-oriented content (for example, erotic lingerie) as defined by Google's Policy.” If you check the box, you don't need to submit the adult [adult] attribute for individual products.
Multipack [multipack]

Required (For multipack products in Australia, Brazil, Czechia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, the UK and the US)

Required for free listings on Google if you’ve created a multipack

Optional for all other products and target countries

The number of identical products sold within a merchant-defined multipack

Example
6

Syntax
Integer

  • Submit this attribute if you defined a custom group of identical products and are selling them as a single unit of sale. For example, you're selling 6 bars of soap together
  • Submit the number of products in your multipack. If you don't submit the attribute, the default value is 0
  • If the product's manufacturer assembled the multipack instead of you, don't submit this attribute
Bundle [is_bundle]

Required (For bundles in Australia, Brazil, Czechia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, the UK and the US)

Required for free listings on Google if you’ve created a bundle containing a main product

Optional for all other products and target countries

Indicates a product is a merchant-defined custom group of different products featuring one main product

Example
yes

Supported values

  • Yes [yes]
  • No [no]
  • Submit yes if you're selling a custom bundle of different products that you created, and the bundle includes a main product. For example, a camera combined with a lens and bag. If you don't submit the attribute, the default value is no
  • Don't use this attribute for bundles without a clear main product. For example, a gift basket containing cheese and crackers
Energy efficiency class [energy_efficiency_class]

Optional (except when required by local law or regulations)

Your product’s energy label

Example
A+

Supported values

  • A+++
  • A++
  • A+
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G

Schema.org property
Product.hasEnergyConsumption
Details.hasEnergyEfficiency
Category

  • Include the legally required energy label
  • To be used in combination with minimum energy efficiency class [min_energy_efficiency_class] and maximum energy efficiency class [max_energy_efficiency_class] to create an energy efficiency label, for example, A+ (A+++ to G).

Minimum energy efficiency class [min_energy_efficiency_class]

Optional (except when required by local laws or regulations)

Available for EU & CH only

Your product’s energy label

Example
A+++

Supported values

  • A+++
  • A++
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G

Schema.org property
Product.hasEnergy
ConsumptionDetails.
energyEffiencyScaleMin

  • Include the legally required energy label
  • To be used in combination with energy efficiency class [energy_efficiency_class] and maximum energy efficiency class [max_energy_efficiency_class] to create an energy efficiency label, for example, A+ (A+++ to D).

Maximum energy efficiency class [max_energy_efficiency_class]

Optional (except when required by local laws or regulations)

Available for EU & CH only

Your product’s energy label

Example
D

Supported values

  • A+++
  • A++
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G

Schema.org property
Product.hasEnergy
ConsumptionDetails.
energyEffiencyScaleMax

  • Include the legally required energy label
  • To be used in combination with energy_efficiency_class and min_energy_efficiency_class to create an energy efficiency label, for example, A+ (A+++ to D).

Age group [age_group]

Required (For all apparel products that are targeted to people in Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US as well as all products with assigned age groups)

Required for free listings for all Apparel & Accessories (ID: 166) products

Optional for all other products and target countries

The demographic for which your product is intended

Example
infant

Supported values

  • Newborn [newborn]
    0-3 months old
  • Infant [infant]
    3-12 months old
  • Toddler [toddler]
    1-5 years old
  • Kids [kids]
    5-13 years old
  • Adult [adult]
    Teens or older


Schema.org property
Product.audience.
suggestedMinAge

Product.audience.
suggestedMaxAge

  • Include one value per product
  • For variants
    • Include the same value for item group ID [item_group_id] and different values for age group
Color [color]

Required (For all apparel products in feeds that are targeted to Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US as well as all products available in different colors)

Required for free listings for all Apparel & Accessories (ID: 166) products

Optional for all other products and target countries

Your product’s color(s)

Example
Black

Syntax
Max 100 alphanumeric characters (max 40 characters per color)

Schema.org property
Product.color

  • Don’t use a number such as "0", "2", or "4"
  • Don’t use characters that aren’t alphanumeric such as "#fff000"
  • Don’t use only 1 letter such as R (For Chinese, Japanese, or Korean languages, you can include a single character such as 红)
  • Don’t reference the product or image such as “see image”
  • Don't combine several color names into 1 word, such as "RedPinkBlue". Instead, separate them with a /, such as "Red/Pink/Blue". Don’t use a value that isn’t a color, such as "multicolor", "various", "variety", "men's", "women's", or "N/A".
  • If your product features multiple colors, list the primary color first.
  • For variants
    • Include the same value for item group ID [item_group_id] and different values for color [color]
Gender [gender]

Required (Required for all apparel items in feeds that are targeted to people in Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US as well as all gender-specific products)

Required for free listings for all Google Apparel & Accessories (ID: 166) products

Optional for all other products and target countries

The gender for which your product is intended


Example
Unisex

Supported values

  • Male [male]
  • Female [female]
  • Unisex [unisex]

Schema.org property
Product.audience.
suggestedGender

  • For some Apparel & Accessories (ID:166) categories like Shoelaces (ID:1856), this attribute is recommended instead of required since these categories aren't dependent on gender
  • For variants
    • Include the same value for item group ID [item_group_id] and different values for gender
Material [material]

Required (if relevant for distinguishing different products in a set of variants)

Optional for all other products

Your product’s fabric or material

Example
leather

Syntax
Max 200 characters

Schema.org property
Product.material

  • To indicate multiple materials for a single product (not variants), add a primary material, followed by up to 2 secondary materials, separated by a /. For example, instead of "CottonPolyesterElastane", use "cotton/polyester/elastane"
  • For variants
    • Include the same value for the item group ID [item_group_id] attribute and different values for the material attribute
Pattern [pattern]

Required (if relevant for distinguishing different products in a set of variants)

Optional for all other products

Your product’s pattern or graphic print

Example
striped
polka dot
paisley

Syntax
Max 100 characters

Schema.org property
Product.pattern

  • For variants
    • Include the same value for the item group ID [item_group_id] attribute and different values for the pattern attribute
Size [size]

Required (Required for all apparel products in Apparel & Accessories > Clothing(ID:1604) and Apparel & Accessories > Shoes(ID:187) product categories targeted to people in Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US as well as all products available in different sizes)

Required for free listings for all Apparel & Accessories > Clothing (ID:1604) and Apparel & Accessories > Shoes (ID:187) products.

Optional for all other products and target countries

Your product’s size

Example
XL

Syntax
Max 100 characters

Schema.org property
Product.size
or
Product.size.name

  • For variants:
    • Include with the same value for item group ID [item_group_id] and different values for size [size]
  • If sizes contain multiple dimensions, condense them into 1 value. For example, "16/34 Tall" for neck size 16 inches, sleeve length 34 inches, and “Tall” fit
  • If your item is one size fits all or one size fits most, you can use one_size, OS, one_size fits_all, OSFA, one_size_fits_most, or OSFM
  • For merchant-defined multipack products, submit the multipack quantity using the multipack [multipack] attribute. Do not submit the multipack quantity under the size attribute
Size type [size_type]

Optional (Available for apparel products only)

Your apparel product’s cut

Example
maternity

Supported values

  • Regular [regular]
  • Petite [petite]
  • Maternity [maternity]
  • Big [big]
  • Tall [tall]
  • Plus [plus]

Schema.org property
Product.size.sizeGroup

  • Submit up to 2 values
  • If you don't submit the attribute, the default value is regular
Size system
[size_system]

Optional (Available for apparel products only)

The country of the size system used by your product

Example
US

Supported values

  • US
  • UK
  • EU
  • DE
  • FR
  • JP
  • CN
  • IT
  • BR
  • MEX
  • AU

Schema.org property
Product.size.sizeSystem

  • If you don't submit the attribute, the default value is your target country
Item group ID
[item_group_id]

Required (Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the US if the product is a variant)

Required for free listings for all product variants

Optional for all other products and target countries

ID for a group of products that come in different versions (variants)

Example
AB12345

Syntax
Max 50 alphanumeric characters

Schema.org property
Product.inProduct
GroupWithID

  • Use a unique value for each group of variants. Use the parent SKU where possible
  • Keep the value the same when updating your product data
  • Use only valid unicode characters
  • Use an item group ID for a set of products that differ by one or more of these attributes:
    • Color [color]
    • Size [size]
    • Pattern [pattern]
    • Material [material]
    • Age group [age_group]
    • Gender [gender]
  • Include the same attributes for each product in the item group. For example, if a product varies by size and color, submit size [size] and color [color] for every product that share the same value for item group ID [item_group_id]
  • If your products differ by design elements that aren't represented by the attributes above, don't use item group ID
Product length
[product_length]

Optional

Your product's length

Example
20 in

Syntax
Number + unit

Supported values
1-3000

  • Decimal values are supported

Supported units

  • cm
  • in

Schema.org property
Product.depth

  • Include as many of the product measurement attributes as possible.
  • Use the same unit of measurement for each product dimension attribute (including product length, width, and height). Otherwise, the information won't be displayed.
Product width
[product_width]

Optional

Your product's width

Example
20 in

Syntax
Number + unit

Supported values
1-3000

  • Decimal values are supported

Supported units

  • cm
  • in

Schema.org property
Product.width

  • Include as many of the product measurement attributes as possible.
  • Use the same unit of measurement for each product dimension attribute (including product lengths, width, and height). Otherwise, the information won't be displayed.
Product height
[product_height]

Optional

Your product's height

Example
20 in

Syntax
Number + unit

Supported values
1-3000

  • Decimal values are supported

Supported units

  • cm
  • in

Schema.org property
Product.height

  • Include as many of the product measurement attributes as possible.
  • Use the same unit of measurement for each product dimension attribute (including product lengths, width, and height). Otherwise, the information won't be displayed.
Product weight
[product_weight]

Optional

Your product's weight

Example
3.5 lb

Syntax
Number + unit

Supported values
0-2000

  • Decimal values are supported

Supported units

  • lb
  • oz
  • g
  • kg

Schema.org property
Product.weight

  • Use the actual assembled product weight for this attribute. If your product comes in multiple pieces, for example, as part of a bundle, use the complete weight of all the pieces in the listing.

Product detail
[product_detail]

Optional

Technical specifications or additional details of your product

Example
General:Product Type:Digital player

Syntax
This attribute uses 3 sub-attributes:

  • Section name [section_name]: Max 140 characters
  • Attribute name [attribute_name]: Max 140 characters
  • Attribute value [attribute_value]: Max 1000 characters
  • Don't add information covered in other attributes, all capital letters, gimmicky foreign characters, promotion text, or list keywords or search terms
  • Don’t add information such as price, sale price, sale dates, shipping, delivery date, other time-related information, or your company’s name
  • Only provide an attribute name and value when the value is confirmed. For example, provide “Vegetarian=False” only if a food product is confirmed not vegetarian.

Product highlight [product_highlight]

Optional

The most relevant highlights of your products

Example
Supports thousands of apps, including Netflix, YouTube, and HBO Max

Syntax
Max 150 characters

  • Use between 2 and 100 product highlights
  • Describe only the product itself
  • Don't list keywords or search terms
  • Don’t include promotional text, all capital letters, or gimmicky foreign characters

Shopping campaigns and other configurations

These attributes are used to control how your product data is used when you create advertising campaigns in Google Ads.

AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
Ads redirect [ads_redirect]

Optional

A URL used to specify additional parameters for your product page. Customers will be sent to this URL rather than the value that you submit for the link [link] or mobile link [mobile_link] attributes

Example
http://www.example.com/product.html

Syntax
Max 2000 characters

    • Submit the same registered domain as for the link [link]attribute (and the mobile link [mobile_link]attribute, if present).
    • Valid registered domains include "example.com", "m-example.com", "example.co.uk", "example.com.ai", and "bar.tokyo.jp". URLs submitted with invalid domains, such as "example.zz" or "example.comic", will not be accepted. For more details on valid registered domains, see ads redirect.

    Custom label 0-4 [custom_label_0-4]

    Optional
    Label that you assign to a product to help organize bidding and reporting in Shopping campaigns

    Example
    Seasonal 
    Clearance
    Holiday
    Sale
    Price range

    Syntax
    Max 100 characters

    • Use a value that you'll recognize in your Shopping campaign. The value won't be shown to customers who see your ads and free listings.
    • Submit up to 5 custom labels per product by including this attribute multiple times:
      • custom_label_0
      • custom_label_1
      • custom_label_2
      • custom_label_3
      • custom_label_4
    • Use only 1,000 unique values for each custom label across your Merchant Center account
    Promotion ID [promotion_id]

    Optional (Required for promotions in Australia, France, Germany, India, the UK and the US)

    An identifier that allows you to match products to promotions

    Example
    ABC123

    Syntax
    Max 50 characters

    • Use a unique and case sensitive ID without spaces or symbols (for example, %, !)
    • To map specific promotions to specific products, submit the same promotion ID in your product data and promotion data
    • Submit up to 10 promotion IDs for one product by including this attribute multiple times

    Destinations

    These attributes can be used to control the different locations where your content can appear. For example, you could use this attribute if you want a product to appear in a dynamic remarketing campaign, but not in a Shopping ads campaign.

    AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
    Excluded destination [excluded_destination]

    Optional

    A setting that you can use to exclude a product from participating in a specific type of advertising campaign

    Example
    Shopping_ads

    Supported values

    • Shopping_ads
    • Buy_on_Google_listings
    • Display_ads
    • Local_inventory_ads
    • Free_listings
    • Free_local_listings
    • YouTube_Shopping
     
    Included destination [included_destination]

    Optional

    A setting that you can use to include a product in a specific type of advertising campaign

    Example
    Shopping_ads

    Supported values

    • Shopping_ads
    • Buy_on_Google_listings
    • Display_ads
    • Local_inventory_ads
    • Free_listings
    • Free_local_listings
    • YouTube_Shopping
     
    Excluded countries for Shopping ads 
    [shopping_ads_excluded_country]

    Optional

    A setting that allows you to exclude countries where your products are advertised on Shopping ads.

    Only available for Shopping ads

    Example
    DE

    Syntax
    2 characters. Must be an ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 country code.

     
    Pause [pause]

    Optional

    A setting you can use to pause and quickly reactivate a product for all ads (including Shopping ads, Display ads, and local inventory ads). A product can be paused for up to 14 days. If a product is paused for more than 14 days it will be disapproved. To re-approve, remove the attribute.

    Example
    ads

    Supported values
    ads

     

    Shipping

    These attributes can be used together with the account shipping settings to help you provide accurate shipping costs and speeds. Customers rely on these shipping costs and speeds to help them make choices about what to buy, so it's important to take the time to submit quality shipping information. Learn how to set up account shipping settings

    AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
    Shipping
    [shipping]

    Optional

    Shipping costs are required for Shopping ads and free listings for the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the US

    You may also be required to provide shipping costs based on local laws or regulations.

    Optional (to specify additional countries your product ships to or destinations where shipping costs are not required)

    Not available for Buy on Google listings

    Your product's shipping cost, shipping speeds, and the locations your product ships to.

    Supported prices
    0–1000 USD (check for other currencies)

    Example
    US:CA:Overnight:16.00 USD:1:1:2:3

    Syntax
    This attribute uses the following sub-attributes:

    • Country [country] (Required)
      ISO 3166 country code
    • Region [region](Optional)
    • Postal code [postal_code](Optional)
    • Location ID [location_id] (Optional)
    • Location group name [location_group_name] (Optional)
    • Service [service] (Optional)
      Service class or shipping speed
    • Price [price] (Optional)
      Fixed shipping cost, including VAT if required
    • Minimum handling time [min_handling_time] and maximum handling time [max_handling_time] (Optional)
      To specify handling time
    • Minimum transit time [min_transit_time] and maximum transit time [max_transit_time] (Optional)
      To specify transit time

    Schema.org property
    Offer.shippingDetails

    • Use this setting when shipping costs for your product are not defined in your Merchant Center account or when you need to override shipping costs or speeds defined in your Merchant Center account.
    Shipping label [shipping_label]

    Optional

    Label that you assign to a product to help assign correct shipping costs in Merchant Center account settings

    Example
    perishable

    Syntax
    Max 100 characters

    • Use a value that you'll recognize in your account shipping settings. The value won't be shown to customers. Examples:
      • Sameday
      • Oversize
      • Only FedEx
    Shipping weight [shipping_weight]

    Optional (Required for carrier-calculated rates, a table based on weight, or a rule based on weight in your account shipping settings)

    The weight of the product used to calculate the shipping cost

    Supported weights

    • 0–2000 lbs for imperial
    • 0–1000 kgs for metric

    Example
    3 kg

    Syntax
    Number + unit

    Supported units

    • lb
    • oz
    • g
    • kg
    • Submit this value if you set up account shipping settings for carrier-calculated rates or weight-based shipping services
    Shipping length [shipping_length]

    Optional (Required for carrier-calculated rates in your account shipping settings)

    The length of the product used to calculate the shipping cost by dimensional weight

    Example
    20 in

    Syntax
    Number + unit

    Supported values

    • 1 - 150 for inches
    • 1 - 400 for cm

    Supported units

    • in
    • cm
    • Submit this value if you set up account shipping settings for carrier-calculated rates
    • If you don't provide shipping dimension attributes while using carrier-calculated rates, Google won't be able to calculate rates based on the dimensional weight of the product. If that's the case, we'll just calculate the rates based on the value you provided in the shipping weight [shipping_weight]attribute
    • If you submit this attribute, submit all shipping dimension attributes:
      • Shipping length [shipping_length]
      • Shipping width [shipping_width]
      • Shipping height [shipping_height]
    • Use the same unit for all shipping dimension attributes that apply to a single product
    • Keep in mind that Google doesn't automatically calculate additional shipping cost for oversized products. If your package would be considered large or oversized by your carrier, you should either use the shipping [shipping] attribute to set shipping cost for an individual product or use the shipping label [shipping_label] attribute with account shipping settings to set the cost
    Shipping width [shipping_width]

    Optional (Required for carrier-calculated rates in your account shipping settings)

    The width of the product used to calculate the shipping cost by dimensional weight

    Example
    20 in

    Syntax
    Number + unit

    Supported values

    • 1 - 150 for inches
    • 1 - 400 for cm

    Supported units

    • in
    • cm
    • Meet the requirements for the shipping length [shipping_​length] attribute
    Shipping height [shipping_height]

    Optional (Required for carrier-calculated rates in your account shipping settings)


    The height of the product used to calculate the shipping cost by dimensional weight

    Example
    20 in

    Syntax
    Number + unit

    Supported values

    • 1 - 150 for inches
    • 1 - 400 for cm

    Supported units

    • in
    • cm
    • Meet the requirements for the shipping length [shipping_​length] attribute
    Ships from country [ships_from_country]

    Optional

    A setting that allows you to provide the country from which your product will typically ship.

    Example
    DE

    Syntax
    2 characters. Must be an ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 country code.

    • Provide only the country from which you typically ship this product
      Transit time label [transit_time_label]

      Optional

      Label that you assign to a product to help assign different transit times in Merchant Center account settings.

      Example
      From Seattle

      Syntax
      Max 100 characters

      • Use a value that you'll recognize in your account shipping settings. The value won't be shown to customers. Examples:
        • Dog food
        • From Seattle
        • Heavy package
      Maximum handling time [max_handling_time]

      Optional

      The longest amount of time between when an order is placed for a product and when the product ships.

      Example
      3

      Syntax
      Integer, greater than or equal to 0

      • Submit this attribute if you want to display the overall time it takes for a product to arrive at its destination
      • Submit the number of business days (as configured in Merchant Center)
      • For products ready to be shipped the same day, submit 0
      • For submitting a time range submit maximum handling time [max_handling_time] in combination with minimum handling time [min_handling_time]
      Minimum handling time [min_handling_time]

      Optional
      The shortest amount of time between when an order is placed for a product and when the product ships.

      Example
      1

      Syntax
      Integer, greater than or equal to 0

      • Meet the requirements for the maximum handling time [max_handling_time] attribute

      AttributeFormatMinimum requirements at a glance
      Tax [tax]

      Required (Available for the US only)
      Your product’s sales tax rate in percent

      Example 
      US:CA:5.00:y

      Syntax
      This attribute uses 4 sub-attributes:

      • Rate [rate] (required) 
        Tax rate as a percentage
      • Country [country] (optional)
        ISO 3166 country code 
      • Region [region] or postal code [postal_​code] or location ID [location_​id] (optional)
      • Shipping tax [tax_​ship] (optional)
        Specify if you charge tax on shipping.
      • Supported values:
        • yes or no
      • Use this setting only to override the account tax settings for an individual product. We recommend that you submit tax information for all your products using the account settings in Merchant Center
      • For the US and Canada
        • Don't include tax in the price [price] attribute. For the US only, include the tax in the tax attribute if you need to override your account settings
      • For all other countries
        • Include value added tax (VAT) or Goods and Services Tax (GST) in the price attribute and do not use the tax attribute
      Tax category [tax_category]

      Optional (Recommended for custom tax rates at the account level)
      A category that classifies your product by specific tax rules

      Example 
      Apparel

      Syntax
      Max 100 characters

      • Use this attribute if you have products that have a specific tax rate. 
        • Category labels in your product data must match the labels you enter in the Categories section in Merchant Center.

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      Which of the following refers to the costs of production that do not change with the number of units produced?

      The term fixed cost refers to a cost that does not change with an increase or decrease in the number of goods or services produced or sold. Fixed costs are expenses that have to be paid by a company, independent of any specific business activities.

      Which of the following refers to the costs of production that fluctuate depending on the number of units produced?

      Variable costs are expenses that change with production volume. These costs arise when production increases and fall when it decreases. With a production volume of zero, there are no variable costs.

      Which of the following refers to a pricing strategy in which the price changes for different buyers based on order size or geographic location?

      Geographical pricing is a practice in which the same goods and services are priced differently based on the buyer's geographic location. The difference in price might be based on the shipping cost, the taxes each location charges, or the amount people in the location are willing to pay.

      Which of the following refers to the value of something we give up to obtain something else?

      Opportunity cost is the value of something given up to obtain something else.