Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesnt supply any energy for the human body?

Your body relies on several nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants, for everyday functions. However, these nutrients do not have calories, meaning they do not provide energy. Some types of nutrients are involved in digestion, so even though they help break down food for energy, they do not provide energy themselves.

Vitamins

You need vitamins for immune function, growth, normal eye functions and an array of biological activities. Vitamins come in two forms: water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water soluble vitamins include a series of B vitamins and vitamin C. You need to consume water-soluble vitamins from foods throughout the day, since your body does not have a way to store them. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed and stored with the help of fat. These vitamins, which are A, D, E and K, stay in your body until needed. Even though vitamins do not have calories and do not give you energy directly, some of them are involved in energy metabolism. For example, thiamine, niacin and riboflavin, which are all B vitamins, pull energy from carbohydrates, protein and fat in your diet, but the B vitamins do not independently provide energy.

Minerals

You need minerals in your daily diet to keep your bones strong, regulate your immune system, produce certain hormones and perform several other functions, but they do not give you energy. Minerals can either be micro or macro. Microminerals, including copper, iron, iodine and chromium, are minerals you need in very small amounts each day. Macrominerals, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorous, are required in much larger amounts. Minerals are often dependent on vitamins in order to function. Calcium, for example, cannot be picked up without the help of vitamin D, and nonheme iron from fruits and vegetables needs vitamin C to absorb more efficiently.

Fiber

Fiber is essential for digestion, but it does nothing for energy levels. Plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and beans, are the only types of foods that have fiber. Insoluble fiber is the woody, rigid outer part of cell walls that often makes up the skin and veins of plant foods. Apple skins, many whole grains, nuts, corn and other types of vegetables have a high amount of insoluble fiber. This type of fiber sweeps out your digestive tract and speeds digestion. Soluble fiber is the soft part of plant cells that hold on to water, such as the soft inside parts of fruits, oatmeal and beans. As soluble fiber works its way through your intestines, it slows digestion and gives vitamins and minerals adequate time to absorb.

Antioxidants

Antioxidants are food components that protect cells and reduce your risk of chronic disease; however, they do not provide energy. These nutrients, like selenium, lycopene, vitamin C and beta-carotene, neutralize free radicals that feed on healthy cells. When you have an abundance of free radicals in your system, cells become damaged and your risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes increases. Antioxidants represent bright colors in foods, so filling your diet with all of the colors of the rainbow ensures that you get several key types of antioxidants in your diet. As an example, lycopene from tomatoes is red, while beta-carotene in sweet potatoes forms the orange color of the vegetable.

Chapter 10: Nutrients that Provide Energy (Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins)

Chapter objectives

At the conclusion of this chapter students will be able to

1. Identify the three major nutrient groups and their energy contributions
2. Define the concepts of basal metabolic rate
3.  Describe the relationship between amount of energy consumed and body weight.
4. Describe simple sugars and complex carbohydrates as sources of energy
5. Describe proteins as energy source; explain complete and incomplete proteins
6. Describe unsaturated, monosaturated and poly saturated fats as sources of energy.

Overview

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are one of the six major nutrients and the main source of energy. Examples of carbohydrates include sugars, starch, and fiber in the diet. The body’s top priority is to provide enough energy for all cellular activities needed to sustain life. Carbohydrates are the preferred source of energy. If the diet does not provide adequate carbohydrates the body will draw mainly upon proteins for its energy needs.

By eating  adequate amounts of carbohydrates, proteins will be spared to be used for growth, development and regulatory functions of the body. If the diet is too low in carbohydrates, the body cannot break down fats completely, and incomplete fat break down products called ketones are produced and this may lead to Ketosis, a condition frequently encountered in diabetes mellitus, though in this case the cause is failure of the body to utilize carbohydrates rather that inadequate intake.

Fibers are carbohydrates which provide bulk in the diet. Fiber also helps to promote normal digestion and elimination of waste materials. Fibers also provide a feeling fullness by slowing the rate at which the stomach empties.

When the body does not make enough insulin or fails to use insulin correctly, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, a condition called diabetes mellitus. Another condition related to carbohydrate metabolism is called lactose intolerance.  This condition is caused by a lack of the digestive enzyme lactase, which is needed to break down lactose.  People who are lactose intolerant may experience gas, cramping, nausea and diarrhea when they consume dairy products.

Proteins

Protein is an energy-yielding nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Proteins differs from carbohydrates and fats because of the presence of nitrogen. They are the  building blocks of all protein molecules are amino acids.  Protein is vital to the optimal growth and development of kids. Proteins account for 50% of the dry weight of the human body. Unlike lipids and carbohydrates, proteins are not stored, so they must be consumed daily. Current recommended daily intake for adults is 0.8 grams of protein per kg of body weight (more is needed for children).

The quality of a protein is determined by its ability to provide the 9 essential amino acids.  Proteins from animal sources (eggs, dairy, meat, poultry, and fish) and one vegetable protein (soy) are all considered high-quality because they contain all of the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions. The function proteins includes,

• Maintain acid-base balance
• Maintenance of the correct level of acidity of a body fluid
• Proteins in the blood act as chemical buffers (counteract an excess of acid or base in a fluid)
• Carry vital substances
• Transport lipoproteins (protein linked with fat), iron, and other nutrients, as well as oxygen, chromosomes, and other bundles of protein to other parts of cells
• Provide energy
• Provides the cells with the energy they need to exist

If carbs and fats are lacking, the body uses protein as an energy source

Fats

Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.  A nutrient that provides energy and helps the body store and use vitamins is a fat.  Unsaturated Fats have at least one unsaturated bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule. Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature (corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil).

Unsaturated fats are classified as either monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats. Fats that have all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold are called saturated fats. Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature (butter, ghee, lard, margarine).

Too much saturated fat in your diet can lead to heart disease. Nutritionists recommend that 20-35% of your calories come from fat, primarily unsaturated fat.

Which substance is a nutrient that doesn't provide any energy for the human body?

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body multiple choice?

Which are the following are not energy nutrients?