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American Political Ideologies and Beliefs Terms in this set (73)Politicial culture the set of attitudes that shape political behavior. Indivudualism belief in the fundamental worth and importance of the individual; the freedom to enjoy one's own promise while also enjoying the benefits and protections of living in society. Equal Opportunity equal rights of people to pursue life, liberty, and happiness. Free Enterprise private business operates largely without government control. Rule of Law principle of a government that establishes laws that apply to all members of society; "They [enlightenment philosophers] define a republic to be a government of laws, and not of men." - John Adams Limited Government a government is under control bu law and by checks and balances and by separation of powers. Ideology the beliefs and ideas that help to shape political opinion and policy. Alexis de Tocqueville " Without common ideas, there is no common action, and without common action men still exist, but a social body does not. Thus in order that there be society, and all the more, that this society prosper, it is necessary that all the minds of the citizens always be brought together and held together by some principle ideas." How do political parties inform their stances and encourage citizens to vote for their candidates? Through political ideologies. What does competing ideological differences lead to ? tension in policy making How political scientists measure? They measure the attitudes people form about these values, not how much the Americans believe in the values. What is Political Socialization? the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values What helps develop political beliefs? -Family Political Ideology a set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government. Liberals value a stronger federal government to protect economic security and civil rights. They also believe in personal freedom from government intervention in social conduct. Conservatives support traditional values and believe in limited government and prefer self-reliance in economic affairs. Morality is important in creating public policy and should not be seen as only a private concern. What are liberal views on (1) military spending, (2) use of force, (3) abortion, (4) prayer in schools, (5) affirmative action, (6) scope of government, (7) taxes, (8) spending, (9) how to cut crime, and (10) defendant's rights. (1) believe we should spend less What are conservative views on (1) military spending, (2) use of force, (3) abortion, (4) prayer in schools, (5) affirmative action, (6) scope of government, (7) taxes, (8) spending, (9) how to cut crime, and (10) defendant's rights. (1) believe we should maintain peace through strength Family communication and receptivity are key factors; plays important role in political values during early years. "Kitchen Table Politics" Demographics Socioeconomic characteristics expressed statistically such as age, gender, education level, income level, martial status, occupation, religion, etc. Religion Citizens who faithfully practice their religion tend to be more conservative; Protestants, Evangelicals, those who attend church on a regular basis tend to be more conservative/vote republican. Race Caucasians as a group are most often found on the right side of the political spectrum; African americans are the most reliable sub-group on the left; ninety percent of all African Americans vote democratic. Pacific Rim citizens, due to their religious and family traditions, tend to the right and republican party. Gender men tend to be more conservative and therefore supporters of the Republican Party; Women on the other hand are more liberal and side with the democrats. Age older people = tend to be more conservative and younger people tend to be more liberal. Education the more educated you are the more likely you are to be conservative . The one exception would be those citizens holding graduate degrees. Statistically college graduates narrowly vote republican. Those with less education narrowly vote Democratic. Occupation Education influences this demographic characteristic more than any other. Those occupations requiring more education tend to lean more towards the conservative side. White collar jobs lean Republican while blue collar jobs tend to be more democratic. This means labor unions, a smaller percentage of our total workforce, are reliable voters on the left. Economic Status The republican party and its values tend to appeal to the middle class. The democratic party champions lower classes. The wealthy are more split in their political allegiances. Determining the political persuasion of the wealthy depends upon other leading demographic ingredients. Region Democrats do better in urban environments while republicans win more in suburban and rural areas. Liberals democrats dominate the Northeast. The south is solidly conservative and republican. The west cost now leans strongly liberal though the Plains are clearly conservative. Many of the fiercest political background states now reside in the Midwest. Generational/Lifecycle/Period Events can have immediate impact on political values; shape a generations views of government (Pearl Harbor, JFK assassination, Vietnam War, Cold War, 9/11) Cross Cutting Cleavages demographic "tensions" thatr exist in a person. (i.e. religion pushes an individual to the right but their race pushes them to the left. What political socialization factors have the greatest influence? Religion, Race, and Education. Globalization the process in which people, ideas, and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures, governments, and economies... interconnected world economy and culture (fueled by lowered trade barriers and advancements in communications) How has globalization influenced American Politics? By increasing the extent to which the United States influences and is influenced by, the values of other countries! What are benefits of Globalization? Promotion of democratic ideals, religious toleration, equal justice for all, gender issues, environmental concerns, creating economic opportunities for all citizens. What are challenges of Globalization? Difficulty with consensus on issues (health care, immigration, national security), too much reliance on U.S. to address issues (terrorism, authoritarian governments) Maragaret Thatcher T.I.N.A (there is no alternative). Global capitalism, free markets, and free trade are the best and only way for societies to advance. What type of ideology is the democratic party influenced? Liberal ideology (Liberals value change and are open to different experiences) How do political scientist view liberals? They view them as viewing society to be more like a "caring family"... the role of government is to assure greater fairness, equality, and moral justice. How do liberals view government? Liberals often see government as the solution, to help solve societal ills.
What type of ideology influences the Republican Party? The Republican party is generally influenced by conservative ideology. Conservatives value stability with n emphasis on maintaining traditions (conservatives generally support the status quo) How do the republicans see the government? They see government as less of a solution and more as a problem. How do conservatives characterize government? Not as a loving parent, but more as an authoritarian obstruction to free markets. Public Policy intentional course of action followed by government in dealing with a problem or matter of concern. Which institutions in our political system are responsible for making public policy? Both the federal and local governments. Policy Agenda lost of potential policy ideas, bills, or plans to improve society... institutions compete for agenda setting in U.S. political system. What are the steps in the Policy Making Process? 1.
Agenda Setting Fiscal Policy the use of taxes and spending to impact the economy Monetary Policy the use of money supply and interest rates (cost of money... borrow) to impact the economy. How does the government stabilize the economy? through monetary and fiscal policy. Keynesian Economics theory that recommends that during a recession the national government increase its spending and decrease taxes, and during a boom, cut spending and increase taxes. Demand Side Economics economic theory that advocates government spending and increase in money supply; government spending creates employment opportunities which help to create demand in the economy. Key concept of economics deficit spending during recessions and depressions and collecting a surplus when the economy is balanced should lead to a balanced budget. What form of economics do liberals tend to favor? Keynesian economics Supply side economics economic that encourages tax cuts and deregulation to encourage economic growth. Liberals Info Represented by democrats, actively support government regulation of the market... big government policies ultimately grew out of economic crises Conservatives Info Represented by Republicans, advocate for less
government regulation of the market... Self reliance, rugged individualism and entrepreneurship have been the backbone of American prosperity according to the conservatives Libertarians Are characterized by a desire for little or no government regulation of the market... libertarians demand such
policies. Liberals tend to favor more government intervention in order to promote social and economic equality. Example: liberals endorse minimum wage laws, arguing that without government intervention business will take advantage of employees and economic inequality will increase. On the other hand liberals tend to oppose government intervention into areas of private life, such as laws restricting contraception or same-sex marriage. Conservatives tend to oppose government intervention in order to promote social and economic equality, arguing that the free market will reward individuals according to their talent and hard work. Conservatives also oppose government restrictions on individual liberties protected in the bill of rights, such as the right to bear arms. On the other hand, conservatives tend to favor government intervention to promote traditional morality, such as outlawing abortion or marijuana, and strongly support government spending on the military and national security. Libertarian Ideologies Libertarians oppose all government intervention in economic and social policy, believing that government exists to protect private property and little else. Libertarians do not believe that government should regulate morality or the free market. Public Opinion Polls In a representative democracy it is essential to know what the people are thinking... in a political system where sovereignty resides in the people elected, officials must determine public opinion before enacting public policy. What are polls? Polls are interviews or surveys of a sample of citizens used to estimate how the public feels about an issue or set of issues. Exit Poll a survey taken at polling places of how people voted Tracking Poll polls conducted by media outlets to gauge the potential outcome of a political election on a periodic basis. Push Poll a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion Elements of a scientific poll - Determining content and phrasing and order of the questions Random Sampling a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion (Representative sample) Stratified Sampling a variation of random sampling; the population is divided into subgroups and weighted based on demographic characteristics of the national population (sub groups sample) What are common problems with polls? - Improper sampling techniques How does polling and public opinion affect politics and public policy? Politicians are constantly trying to figure out what the public wants and desires... very important in policy making process. When does the influence of public opinion have the greatest impact on the voting decisions of members of congress? - when there is a strong opinion as expressed in polls When does the influence of public opinion have a limited impact on the voting decisions of members of congress? - legislators voting record Is public opinion fluid? Yes. Public opinion is very fluid. it constantly changes based on perception/saliency of the issue Students also viewedAP GOV UNIT 5 progress check27 terms Kiley_Stahl32 AP Gov Unit 37 terms GRojasCarreno AP Gov Unit 6 (Economic)22 terms lordmadison chapter 9 political parties34 terms Alexejay98 Sets found in the same folderLa Identidad - Vocabulario49 terms katymcc23 AP US Gov Unit 1: Foundations of Democracy120 terms katymcc23 La Cultura Hispana5 terms katymcc23 Vocabulario- El décimo50 terms
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Which political party wants more government regulation of the economy quizlet?
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