Who was the pioneer who coined the term specific learning disabilities and in what year did this occur?

the rules of social language 

which is the most typical speech disorder found in students with communication disorders? 

study of the meanings of words and phrases in language 

As part of her seventh-grade class, Keisha makes sure to focus on teaching vocabulary, word categories, word relationships, multiple meanings, and figurative language. What is Keisha teaching her class?

Victoria’s speech is sometimes difficult to understand because her language has an irregular rhythm and flow. Victoria’s language problem is in the area of

Linguistic causes of reading problems include

phonological deficits, differences in auditory and visual processing speeds, word-blindness

the idea that words are made up of individual sounds and that these sounds can be manipulated to create new words, a subdivision of phonological awareness, not phonics 

the successful decoding and comprehension in reading require the coordination of what neural networks?

orthography, phonology, and semantics 

true or false: children with reading difficulties recall incorrect phonemes

which of the choices are true regarding social and cultural causes of reading problems?

poor reading performance can be attributed to impediments resulting from linguistic differences

which of the following neural processes are used in writing?

visual input, orthographical analysis, graphemic output, and motor output 

symptoms of dysgraphia include:

cramped or unusual grip on writing instrument, unfinished words or letters, talking to self while writing 

one of the commonly believed characteristics of dysgraphia is:

individuals with dysgraphia tend to be easily frustrated and not lazy 

according to the Sousa text:

there are no areas of the brain specialized for writing 

accommodation strategies for students with writing disorders include: 

tools of the work production, rate and volume of work produced, complexity of the work produced 

environmental causes for difficulties in mathematics: 

research studies have shown that individuals with poor attitudes towards mathematics learn less than their peers with positive attitudes 

where is mathematical operations processed in the brain?

frontal lobe and parietal lobe 

research in neurological causes has indicated: 

individuals with visual processing weaknesses almost always display difficulties with mathematics 

current brain research regarding gender differences in mathematics indicate: 

even though there are some neurological differences in gender, neuroscientists do not believe that gives any sex with any learning advantage 

persistent problems with processing numerical calculations 

Which of the following is one of the most important predictors as to whether or not a student will be identified as learning disabled?

referral from the classroom teacher 

who was the pioneer  who coined the term “specific learning disabilities” and in what year did this occur?

Research has indicated that successful adults with learning disabilities do NOT

make accommodations for the disability 

Matthew, an 11th-grade teacher, always begins each unit by presenting a framework for learning. A framework for learning:

activates the students' background knowledge 

Specific learning disability (SLD) is a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.The child does not achieve adequately for the child's age or to meet state-approved grade-level standards, in one or more of the following areas: Which list includes all the areas according to IDEA:

oral expression, listening comprehension, written expression, basic reading skill, reading fluency skills, reading comprehension, mathematics calculation, mathematics problem solving 

an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts of verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbols systems 

three broad categories of communication disorders 

speech disorders (verbal means of communication), language content disorders (understanding the meanings of communication), language form disorders (creating proper communication) 

IDEA exclusions for a specific learning disability 

LD cannot be result of: visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, intellectual disability, emotional disturbance, or environmental or economic disadvantage, or cultural or linguistic difference 

why are exclusions important for teacher to understand 

teacher needs to know for making referrals for assessment, need to know for designing instruction, need to know that other factors can cause "learning disability" symptoms besides brain alterations 

three neural networks involved in reading: 

visual processing (orthography), phoneme recognition (phonology), word interpretation (semantics) 

severe difficulty in learning to read, particularly as it relates to phonological awareness, decoding, fluent reading, and spelling 

refers to severe difficulty in learning to write, including handwriting - often struggle with accurate letter formation and writing fluently 

refers to severe difficulty in learning mathematical concepts and computation 

psychological processes (5) 

broad retrieval ability, visual perception, quantitative knowledge, sensory motor, language use process

psychological process: broad retrieval ability 

ability to recall events or information that have been previously learned, encoded, and stored in the brain Ex: a student is given a math problem and must use an equation learned in a previous math class

psychological process: visual perception 

the ability to interpret the environment using light in the visible spectrum Ex: when shown a black and white picture, a person may see either two faces or a cup

psychological process: quantitative knowledge 

amount of numerical knowledge one has and ability to reason mathematically Ex: a student is able to correctly apply and use a mathematical equation to solve a given numerical problem

ability to take in stimuli and physically respond to them (produce action in response to something perceived by the senses) Ex: student hears the teacher ask a question and raises his hand to answer it

process by which humans acquire the capactiy to percieve and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate Ex: little kid will say "hold you" when wanting to be held because adults ask "do you want me to hold you?" - that is what they hear and remember

8 specific learning disability categories as listed by IDEA

oral expression, listening comprehension, written expression, basic reading skills, reading comprehension, reading fluency, mathematics calculation, mathematics reasoning 

ability to convey wants, needs, thoughts, and ideas meaningfully using appropriate parts of communication 

ability to understand what is heard - understand auditory information 

ability to communicate effectively through writing - can appropriately create sentences 

ability to sound out words and recognize sight words 

ability to understand what one reads 

ability to read a text accurately and quickly 

process of solving problem involving numbers or other mathematical information 

ability to critically use mathematical skills to solve problems

Who coined the term specific learning disabilities?

Who first coined the phrase learning disability quizlet?

How long has learning disabilities been around?

What is definition of learning disability?