To highlight this year’s Georgia History Festival theme, “A Legacy of Leadership,” February’s #MarkerMondays explore the history of the colony of Georgia and its first city, Savannah.  Copy of the Georgia Trustee’s seal for the establishment of the Colony of Georgia (1734-1750). Two casts, one of each side of the seal, from the original in the British Museum in London. GHS Object Collection, A-1361-126-ab. The colony struggled during the Trustee period. Crop failures, disease, and economic malaise all contributed to a growing discontent with Trustee rule. Many chose to leave Georgia for Great Britain or other colonies. The Trustees also faced resistance in their attempts to secure additional funding from the British. A group of colonists known as the malcontents greatly objected to the Trustees restrictions on landownership, rum, and slavery. Unlike many of Georgia’s initial colonists, most of the malcontents came to the colony without monetary aid from the Trustees. The malcontents believe the Trustees were limiting the colony’s economic potential and felt that there was no outlet for them to air their grievances without an official governor or local legislature. In an attempt to address growing discontentment, the Trustees relaxed their restrictions on landownership in Georgia and removed the restrictions on slavery. In March 1750, the Georgia Trustees in London also resolved to allow colonists to elect a representative assembly to advise the Trustees. The first group of representatives met in Savannah in 1751. When Georgia transitioned to a royal colony in 1754, Savannah was established as the seat of government in the colony and was home to the office of the royal governor, the Commons House of Assembly, and the court system. Explore the links below to learn more about Savannah as the colonial capital of Georgia, the history of representative government in Georgia, and the Georgia Trustees. GHS is proud to house some of the Georgia Trustees manuscripts, regarding the Trustees and establishment of the colony of Georgia. Full Marker Text Today in Georgia History New Georgia Encyclopedia (Georgia’s Historic Capitals) New Georgia Encyclopedia (Trustee Georgia, 1732-1752) New Georgia Encyclopedia (Government and Laws: Overview) New Georgia Encyclopedia (Savannah) New Georgia Encyclopedia (Malcontents) Georgia Archives: Royal Charter of the Colony of Georgia Further Reading Robert M. Howard, Arnold Fleischmann, and Richard M. Engstrom. Politics in Georgia: Third Edition (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2017). Kenneth Coleman, Colonial Georgia: A History (New York: Scribner, 1976). 5. The Southern ColoniesMap of DeSoto's 1539-43 exploration through the Southeast Virginia was the first successful southern colony. While Puritan zeal was fueling New England's mercantile development, and Penn's Quaker experiment was turning the middle colonies into America's bread basket, the South was turning to cash crops. Geography and motive rendered the development of these colonies distinct from those that lay to the North. Immediately to Virginia's north was Maryland. Begun as a Catholic experiment, the colony's economy would soon come to mirror that of Virginia, as tobacco became the most important crop. To the south lay the Carolinas, created after the English Civil War had been concluded. In the Deep South was Georgia, the last of the original thirteen colonies. Challenges from Spain and France led the king to desire a buffer zone between the cash crops of the Carolinas and foreign enemies. Georgia, a colony of debtors, would fulfill that need. The Southern colonies included Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. English American Southerners would not enjoy the generally good health of their New England counterparts. Outbreaks of malaria and yellow fever kept life expectancies lower. Since the northern colonies attracted religious dissenters, they tended to migrate in families. Such family connections were less prevalent in the South.
The economy of growing cash crops would require a labor force that would be unknown north of Maryland. Slaves and indentured servants, although present in the North, were much more important to the South. They were the backbone of the Southern economy. Settlers in the Southern colonies came to America to seek economic prosperity they could not find in Old England. The English countryside provided a grand existence of stately manors and high living. But rural England was full, and by law those great estates could only be passed on to the eldest son. America provided more space to realize a lifestyle the new arrivals could never dream to achieve in their native land. |
Why was georgia governed by different rules than the other southern colonies?
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