In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the

Q: When studying the effect of exercise on weight loss weight loss is the dependent variable?

A dependent variable is an outcome variable. Example: If I want to know whether exercise causes weight loss, then since weight gain or loss is the outcome, its the dependent variable. It depends on something that happened earlier in the study.

Q: What is a experimental study?

Experimental studies are ones where researchers introduce an intervention and study the effects. Experimental studies are usually randomized, meaning the subjects are grouped by chance. Randomized controlled trial (RCT): Eligible people are randomly assigned to one of two or more groups.

Q: Which of the following research methods will provide you with the clearest indication of a cause and effect relationship?

Experiment is defined as manipulating a component to see if the manipulation has an effect on other aspects of the participant. This type of procedure has the strongest indicator of a cause-and-effect relationship, but you cant always control variables like age and gender.

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Prologue and Chapter 1
The Effects of Diet and Dietary Interventions on the Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and a Systematic Review of Experimental Studies
Conflict of interest statement
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References
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When studying the effect of exercise on weight loss weight loss is the dependent variable?
What is a experimental study?
Which of the following research methods will provide you with the clearest indication of a cause and effect relationship?

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Prologue and Chapter 1

Term	Definition
Incorporating biological, psychological, and social influences into a single method of analysis is known as what?	biopsychological approach
To study inner sensations, images, and feelings, Edward Titchener, a structuralist engaged people in what self-reflective method?	introspection
The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of what on feelings and behaviors?	expectations
What gives a researcher the BEST basis for generalizing findings to the entire population?	using a random sample
What two disciplines are considered historical roots of psychology?	philosophy and biology
The first psychological laboratory was established by who?	Wilhelm Wundt
Assessing whether conclusions are warranted based on existing evidence best illustrates?	critical thinking
What principle best explains experimental results caused by expectations alone?	the placebo effect
In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the?	independent variable
Which of the following is a statistical measure of both the direction and the strength of a relationship between two variables?	Correlation coefficient
Structuralism, an early branch of psychology, was primarily interested in what task?	discovering the structure of the mind based on introspection
Which of the following would most likely get in the way of critical thinking?	overconfidence
Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?	the experiment
Which method allows for researchers to learn cause-effect relationships between variables?	the experiment
In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be?	the dependent variable
Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may not be representative of the overall population?	the case study
In which of the following research methods does the researcher manipulate the independent variable?	experimental study
Defining the research variables and procedures of an experiment is known as what?	operational definitions
Which of the following is the definition of psychology?	the study of behavior and mental processes
Using the scientific method, what would the researcher confirm, reject, or revise after conducting research and making observations?	a theory

The Effects of Diet and Dietary Interventions on the Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and a Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

Martina Barchitta et al. Cancers (Basel). 2020.

Free PMC article

Abstract

There is an ongoing need for solid evidence about the effects of healthy behaviors, and particularly diet, on the quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer survivors. We first conducted a cross-sectional study on 68 Italian stage I-III breast cancer survivors, to investigate the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity and weight status with QoL. Adherence to MD and physical activity was assessed using structured questionnaires. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life tools. We showed that low consumption of red meat and carbonated beverages, daily consumption of wine and high consumption of dishes seasoned with sofrito had beneficial effects on several QoL subscales. By contrast, using olive oil as the main culinary fat, low consumption of commercial sweets and high consumption of nuts were associated with negative effects. Overall, these findings resulted in a null effect of adherence to MD on QoL. Furthermore, we observed better QoL sub-scores among women who performed moderate physical activity (i.e., diarrhea) and those who were underweight/normal weight (i.e., physical functioning and dyspnea) if compared with their counterparts (p-values ≤ 0.003 after correction for multiple comparison). Next, we performed a systematic review of nine experimental studies to summarize whether dietary interventions might improve QoL among breast cancer patients. All the studies demonstrated significant improvements in overall QoL and/or its subscales after the interventions. However, differences in study design, interventions and tools used for QoL assessment did not allow us to provide an overall estimate. Moreover, only a single-arm trial evaluated the effect of an exclusive dietary-based intervention, while others combined dietary recommendations with physical activity and weight loss programs. For these reasons, our study encourages more efforts to improve the robustness of current evidence, through more homogenous tools, larger population-based studies and further randomized controlled trials.

Keywords: breast cancer; diet; dietary intervention; exercise; nutrition; physical activity; public health; quality of life.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Comparison of the quality of life according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Data were compared using the one-way ANOVA.

Figure 2

Comparison of the quality of life according to physical activity level. Data were compared using the one-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Figure 3

Comparison of the quality of life between overweight/obese and underweight/normal weight women. Data were compared using the Student’s t-test. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Figure 4

Preferred reporting items for literature search (PRISMA) flow diagram of the study selection.

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When studying the effect of exercise on weight loss weight loss is the dependent variable?

A dependent variable is an outcome variable. Example: If I want to know whether exercise causes weight loss, then since weight gain or loss is the outcome, it's the dependent variable. It depends on something that happened earlier in the study.

What is a experimental study?

Experimental studies are ones where researchers introduce an intervention and study the effects. Experimental studies are usually randomized, meaning the subjects are grouped by chance. Randomized controlled trial (RCT): Eligible people are randomly assigned to one of two or more groups.

Which of the following research methods will provide you with the clearest indication of a cause and effect relationship?

Experiment is defined as manipulating a component to see if the manipulation has an effect on other aspects of the participant. This type of procedure has the strongest indicator of a cause-and-effect relationship, but you can't always control variables like age and gender.