Biological Anthropology TermsA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- A -abdominal wall defectABO accelerator mass spectrometer acclimatization Acheulian adaptation adaptive radiation adjustment agglutination agonistic display AIDS albinism
allele Allen's Rule allogrooming alpha-feto protein (AFP) sampling alpha male alpha particle a kind of positively charged subnuclear particle (consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons) given off by some isotopes when they decay or fission.Alzheimer syndrome amino acid amino acid racemization Amish amniocentesis amnion amniote amniotic fluid Amphibia anaerobic anagenesis analogies analogous structures
anatomy anemia anencephaly aneuploidy
Angelman syndrome angle of declination Animalia anterior anthropoid
antibody
anticodons
antigen
apparent temperature arboreal archaeology archaeomagnetic archaic humans argon-40/argon-39 arthritis artifact artifact time marker assimilation model atlatl australopithecine Australopithecus autogrooming autoimmune disorder atomic mass atomic number
autosome
Back to Top- B -bacteriabalanced polymorphism basal metabolic rate Bergmann's Rule Beringia Bering Plain beta particle biface big game hunting bilaterally symmetrical bilirubin binocular vision binomen the Linnaean classification system use of two Latin name categories, genus and species, to designate each type of organism. A genus is a higher level category that includes one or more species under it. For example, humans are Homo sapiens, or "man who is wise"--Homo is our genus and sapiens is our species. Binomen literally means "two names" in Latin. Binomial nomenclature is another term for binomen.binomial nomenclature biocultural evolution biopsy biospecies biostratigraphy bipedalism blade flake blending theory body language
bottleneck effect B.P. date brachiator Broca's area
bubonic
plague bull roarer burin
- C -calibrated relative datingcanine canine diastema capillaries carbohydrate carbon-14 dating (C-14 carnivorous carotene carrier cataract catastrophism Caucasoid cell cell membrane Cenozoic Era centriole centromere cerebral cortex cerebral edema cerebrum cervix cheek pouches chimera Chordata chordate chorion chorionic villi sampling chromatids chromosome chronic disease chronometric cladistics cladogenesis class clavicles clinal model clines codominance codon collarbones color blindness conduction consanguineous mating convection convergence convergent evolution core body temperature core tool cosmic radiation cranial capacity creationism Cro-Magnon crossing-over cross-pollination crystal lattice the three-dimensional pattern of a crystalline solid. There are characteristic lattice patterns identified for different minerals.cusps cystic fibrosis cytoplasm
Back to Top- D -demographydendrochronology dental formula deoxyribonucleic acid derived trait (in regards to classifying organs) descent with modification developmental acclimatization developmental adjustment diabetes Diego digits diploid directional selection disruptive selection discontinuous distribution display diurnal DNA dominance hierarchy dominant allele dorsal double helix Down syndrome
Back to Top- E -ecological nichesectothermic edema electron spin resonance Ellis-van Creveld syndrome embryo embryonic endemic endoplasmic reticula endothermic enzyme Eocene Epoch epicanthic fold epidermis erythroblastosis fetalis erythrocytes estrogen estrus ethnocentrism eukaryotic eumelanin Eurasia Eutheria evaporative cooling cooling of the skin resulting from the evaporation of sweat on its surface. In hot dry environments, this is normally the most significant mechanism by which the human body loses excess heat.evolution exons
Back to Top- F -f1 generationfalse positive femur fertilization fetal position fetus first cousin fission track flake tool flint flora and fauna fluorine a relative dating method based on the fact that bones buried in the ground progressively lose nitrogen and gain fluorine and other trace elements. The rate at which these changes occur depends on the local environment. If two bones from the same site have markedly different amounts of nitrogen and fluorine, it is a strong indication that they did not come from the same time period. The bone with the least amount of nitrogen and the greatest amount of fluorine is most likely the oldest.foraging group foramen magnum fossil founder principle fragile-X syndrome free-ranging population frequency frontal (in reference to a skull)
Back to Top- G -gametegastrointestinal
gene flow
gene pool gene genera genetic bottlenecking see bottleneck effect. genetic drift genetic equilibrium genetics genetic load genome
genome imprinting genotype genus geochronology geological unconformities geomagnetic polarity time scale geomagnetic reversal time scale gestation gills glacial A long period of time during which earth's climate cools, causing glaciers to expand out from the poles and mountains covering vast areas. The glacials of the Pleistocene Epoch mostly occurred in the northern hemisphere. See interglacial.Gloger's Rule gracile gradualism
great chain of being Great Rift Valley long depression in Southwest Asia and East Africa caused by the movement of tectonic plates, largely beginning during the Oligocene Epoch. In Africa, it extends from Ethiopia southwest 1200 miles through the lake regions. Many of the early hominin discovery sites are in this valley system. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
great apes the gorillas, common chimpanzees, and bonobos of Africa and the orangutans of Southeast Asia. These species are referred to as great apes because they are the largest apes. See lesser apes.Gregorian grooming
Back to Top- H -half-lifehand ax haploid Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium hematite hemizygous hemoglobin hemophilia herbivorous hermaphrodite heterodont heterosis heterozygous hierarchical
HIV
HLA system homeotic gene hominid hominin hominini hominoid Homo Homo erectus Homo ergaster Homo habilis Homo heidelbergensis Homo neanderthalensis Homo rudolfensis Homo sapiens sapiens Homo sapiens Homo sapiens neanderthalensis homologies homologous chromosomes homologous structures homoplasies homoplastic structures homozygous hormone human Human Genome Project Huntington's disease hybrid hybrid vigor hyoid bone hyperthermia hypothalamus hypothermia hypoxia
Back to Top- I -imitative magicimmunization incomplete penetrance inbreeding inbreeding depression incisors index fossil inheritance of acquired characteristics Insectivore interglacial intermediate expression Intersex
introns
invertebrate
in vitro fertilization
ischial callosities
isotope
Back to Top - J -jaundice
Back to Top- K -karyotypekinship Klinefelter syndrome knuckle walking kwashiorkor
Back to Top- L -lactaselactose lateral lesser apes leukemia leukocytes linked genes Linnaean lipids locomotor patterns locus Lower Paleolithic Back to Top- M -macroevolutionmacroscopic malaria malnourishment mammal Mammalia
mammary glands
manual dexterity marasmus marsupial matrilineal descent medial medical syndrome meiosis Melanesia New Guinea and other nearby islands in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. Indigenous people from this region are referred to as Melanesians.melanin melanocytes melanoma Mendelian genetics Mesozoic Era messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolism the chemical and physical processes continuously going on in the cells of living organisms. These are the processes by which energy and matter are made available for use by the cells of an organism. Heat is a byproduct of metabolism.metafemale Metatheria microcephaly microevolution micro RNA (miRNA) midden Middle Paleolithic minerals Miocene Epoch mitochondria mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial Eve mitosis modifying gene molar Mongoloidism monogamous monosomy monotremes monozygotic twins morphology morphospecies mosaicism mosaic pattern of evolution mother-fetus incompatibility Mousterian multiple-allele series multiple sclerosis muscular dystrophy mutagen mutation
- N -natural selectionNeandertals negative assortative mating Negroid neural tube defects neurotransmitters New World niches nocturnal nondisjunction errors non-random mating notochord nuclear family nuclear membrane nucleic acids nucleotide nucleus
- O -obsidian hydrationOldowan Old Stone Age Old World olfactory Oligocene Epoch omnivorous o�cyte o�genesis optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating order organelle osmosis Osteodontokeratic osteoporosis over expression overnourishment ovulation ovum oxidizable carbon ratio (OCR) dating
Back to Top- P -paleoanthropologyPaleocene Epoch paleoecology Paleolithic paleomagnetic paleospecies palynology pangenesis parallel evolution parallelism paranthropoids partial replacement model pathology Peking Man pelvis pentadactylism percussion flaking peripheral blood flow peripheral vision permafrost pheomelanin phenotype pheromones photosynthesis the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use energy from sun light to create new organic molecules (specifically carbohydrates) out of carbon dioxide, water, and elemental nutrients in specialized chlorophyll-containing cells. Most forms of photosynthesis produce oxygen as a byproduct.phyletic gradualism phylum physiological plasticity physiology Pithecanthropus erectus placenta placental mammal see Eutheriaplasma platelets plate tectonics pleiotropy Pleistocene Epoch point mutation pollen polyandrous polygenic trait polygynous polymorphism polyploidy population populational viewpoint (of classifying species from fossils) population genetics populational model (of human variation) positive assortative mating posterior postmenopausal potassium-argon prehensile premolar prepared core pressure flaking primary context primary o�cyte Primates primatology primitive trait (in regards to classifying organs) principle of association principle of independent assortment principle of segregation principle of superposition prion probability prokaryotic prosimians prostate gland protein proteome protocultural proto-primates Prototheria puberty pulmonary edema punch flaking punctuated equilibrium Punnett square purebred
Back to Top - Q -quadrupedal
Back to Top- R -raceracemization radiation radiocarbon radiometric random mating random sample
recessive
allele
recombination
red cell
red-green color blindness (or red-green color deficiency)
regional continuity model
regulator gene relative date
replacement model
replication (of DNA) rhinarium Rho-GAM
ribosomal RNA
ribosomes Rickets disease ritual
RNA robust rotational north pole
Back to Top- S -sacculatedsagittal crest savanna secondary o�cyte sedimentary selectively permeable selective pressure semi-terrestrial septum seriation sex cell sex chromosome sex-controlled gene sex-limited gene sex-linked sexual dimorphism sexual skin or swelling shovel-shaped incisors sickle-cell trait Sinanthropus pekinensis slash-and-burn small population size effect somatic cell spear thrower special creation speciation the largest natural population of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring. It is commonly assumed that members of one species are reproductively isolated from members of all other species (i.e., theycannot mate with them to produce fertile offspring). However, we must be cautious in defining species with this criterion because members of very closely related species can sometimes produce offspring together, and a small fraction of those may be fertile to some degree. This is the case with mules, which are the product of mating between horses and donkeys. About one out of 10,000 mules is fertile. This suggests that some species differences are a matter of degree. See morphospeices, biospecies, and paleospecies.sperm spermatogenesis spina bifida SRY gene stabilizing selection standard deviation stem cells stereoscopic vision stuttering alleles subadult subphyla subsistence pattern subarctic subtropical successive speciation supraorbital tori survival of the fittest suspensory climbing suture symbol syndromes sympathetic magic synthetic theory of evolution
Back to Top- T -tactile padtaphonomy taxonomy Tay-Sachs Disease tectonic tectonics the study of the earth's crustal structures, such as continental plates, and the forces that cause them to change shape and move relative to each other. See tectonic movement.temperate temporal teratogen terrestrial territorial defense behavior testosterone thalassemia Theria thermoluminescence thermoremanent magnetism thrombocytes thyroid toggle-head harpoon transfer RNA (tRNA) translocation tree-ring dating triple-X female trisomy trisomy 18 trisomy 21 tropical true breeding tundra
Turner syndrome
typological model typological viewpoint (of classifying species from fossils)
Back to Top- U -ultrasound monitoringultraviolet radiation undernourishment uniface uniformitarianism unit inheritance universal donor universal receiver universal time scale unstable alleles Upper Paleolithic uranium series dating uranium-thorium use-disuse theory
Back to Top- V -variable penetrancevarve vasoconstriction vasodilation ventral Venus figurines Vertebrata vertebrates vestigial
virus vocalizations
Back to Top- W -Wernicke's areawhite cells
Back to Top- X -X-linkedXXX syndrome XYY syndrome
Back to Top- Y -Y-linked
Back to Top- Z -zygomatic archzygote
Back to TopCopyright � 2005-2014 by Dennis O'Neil. All rights reserved. What is the term for magic that operates on the principle that positive and negative qualities can be transferred through proximity or contact?Contagious magic: magic that operates on the principle that positive and negative qualities can be transferred through proximity or contact.
What is the term for a Force power or essence that endows people animals other living things and possibly inanimate objects with special qualities or powers?What is the term for a force, power, or essence that endows people, animals, other living things, and possibly inanimate objects with special qualities or powers? totemism.
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