Which foods most often cause anaphylactic shock in children with food allergies quizlet?

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Terms in this set (32)

True food allergies

- can cause a spectrum of problems from a rash or an upset stomach to death

Unreal food allergies

- can cause people to eliminate nutritious foods from their diet unnecessarily, resulting in inadequate diets and health problems

What is the incidence in food allergies estimated to be in adults and children?

Adults - 3%
Children - 6%

What percentage of the general public believe that they are allergic to one or more foods?

20-30%

3 Primary reasons people experience adverse reactions to food:

1. Food poisoning
2. Food allergies in which the body's immune system reacts to a substance in food that it identifies as harmful
3. Food intolerances, which are other adverse reactions to normally harmless substances in food
- the immune system is not involved

Allergens

- components of food that trigger the immune system
- genetically susceptible people experience an allergic reaction by exposure to even trace amounts of an allergen trigger

What happens in the response to allergens?

- the immune system prompts the formation of antibodies
- when the exposure happens again, the antibodies recognize the allergen

Antibodies (definition)

- signal the body to secrete histamine causing the physical signs of allergic reaction

Histamine (definition)

- caused dilation of blood vessels, itching, hives, and a drop in blood pressure, and stimulates the release of stomach acids and other fluids

What do most allergic reactions contain?

- rash, diarrhea, congestion, and wheezing

Anaphylactic shock (definition)

- a massive reaction of the immune system that can result in death
- people can be saved by an ingestion of epinephrine

Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004

- helps consumers with food allergies find offending foods and ingredients
- food ingredient labels are not required to state clearly whether the food contains one or more of the big eight allergenic foods

Wheat Allergy (Celiac Disease)

- autoimmune disease
- characterized by inflammation of the small-intestine lining resulting from a genetic gluten intolerance
- causes diarrhea, fatty stools, weight loss, vitamin and mineral deficiencies
- treated with a gluten-free diet

What percentage of the population does Celiac Disease effect?

1%

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for celiac disease?

Small bowel biopsy and examination of cells for signs of damage due to the disease.

When can foods be labeled as "gluten-free"?

- when they contain less than 20 parts per million of gluten

What test is used most often to show if someone is allergic to something?

- Double-blind, placebo-controlled test

Double-blind, placebo-controlled test

- determines the presence of a food allergy or other adverse reaction to a food
- neither patient nor care provider knows whether the suspected food or a placebo is tested
- the test must be administered under medical supervision

Immunoglobin E (IgE) Test

- IgE protein produced in response to an allergen
- IgE test does not identify allergen

Skin prick tests

- For absence of food allergy only - positive results do not prove an allergy exists

Bogus tests

- some companies offer food allergy tests though the mail, but they tend to be unreliable

Treatment of Food Allergies:

- the only treatment is to eliminate the food from the diet
- allergy shots are not yet available
- Medical ID bracelets or necklaces are recommended

What are allergies that infants often outgrow?

- Cow's milk, wheat and eggs

Food Intolerances

- produce some of the same reactions as food allergies, but the reactions develop by different mechanisms
- do not directly involve the immune system
- due to a missing or abnormal enzyme or other cause
- more common than food allergies, and the onset of symptoms is usually slower

Food Intolerances cont...

- people with food intolerance can usually tolerate a small to moderate amount of the specific food, and develop symptoms only when the food is eaten frequently or in large amounts

Symptoms of Food Intolerances:

- fatigue, joint pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bloating and rashes

Lactose maldigestion

- characterized by reduced digestion of lactose due to low availability of the enzyme lactase

What percentage of humans does lactose maldigestion occur in?

65%

Symptoms of lactose intolerance:

- flatulence
- bloating
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- "rumbling in the bowel"

Sulfite (definition)

- food additive that has been used by food manufactures to keep vegetables and fruits looking fresh and to prevent mold growth
- also added to some beers, wines, processed foods, and medications as a preservative

In what foods are histamines found that can cause migraine headaches in sensitive people?

- red wine, beer, sardines, anchovies, hard cured sausages, pickled cabbage, spinach, catsup

MSG (monosodium glutamate)

- a flavor enhancer used on meats and in soups, stews, and many Chinese food items
- referred to as "Chinese restaurant syndrome"
- sensitivity causes dizziness, sweating, flushing, rapid heartbeat, and ringing in the ears

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Which of the following foods are most often the cause of anaphylactic shock?

Common anaphylaxis triggers can include: Foods – In children, hen's eggs, cow's milk, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, wheat, and soy are the most common food triggers. In teens and adults, peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and crustaceans (shellfish such as shrimp) are the most common triggers.

Which of the following is often a main cause of hyper behavior in children?

“One of the biggest factors for patient's hyperactivity is lack of sleep.” A chronic condition can also cause hyper behavior, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Kanchwala says these kids' behavior can look like hyperactivity when it's not.

Which of the following can contribute to choking in children?

Choking Hazards Candy (especially hard or sticky candy), cough drops, gum, lollipops, marshmallows, caramels, hard candies, and jelly beans. Whole grapes, raw vegetables, raw peas, fruits, fruits with skins, seeds, carrots, celery, and cherries. Dried fruits, sunflower seeds, all nuts, including peanuts.

Which of the following foods raise the risk of dental caries when consumed frequently?

Frequent consumption of carbohydrates in the form of simple sugars increases the risk of dental caries.