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ComputersThe CPU is the part of a computer system that runs programs and processes data. CPUs use the fetch-decode-execute cycle to do this. The CPU is an internal component of the computer hardware. Operating systems and utilities are programs used to manage and maintain the computer system.
The
central processing unit (CPU) consists of a number of components: All components work together to allow processing and system control. The control unit provides several functions. It:
Arithmetic logic unitThe ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations or decisions. It is where calculations are done and where decisions are made based on logic. The ALU performs calculations and makes logical decisions. RegistersRegisters are small amounts of high speed memory contained within the CPU. They are used by the processor to store small amounts of data that are needed during processing, such as:
Different processors have different numbers of registers for different purposes, but most have some, or all, of the following:
CacheCache is a small amount of high speed memory built directly within the processor. It is used to temporarily hold data and instructions that the processor is likely to reuse. This allows for faster processing as the processor does not have to wait for the data and instructions to be fetched from the random-access memory (RAM). ClockThe CPU contains a clock which is used to coordinate all of the computer's components. The clock sends out a regular electrical pulse which synchronises - keeps in time - all the components. The frequency of the pulses is known as the clock speed. Clock speed is measured in hertz. The higher the clock speed, the greater the number of instructions that can be performed in any given moment of time. In the 1980s, processors commonly ran at a rate of between 3 megahertz (MHz) to 5 MHz, which is 3 million to 5 million pulses or cycles per second. Today, processors commonly run at a rate of 3 gigahertz (GHz) to 5 GHz, which is 3 billion pulses or cycles per second. BusesA bus is a high speed internal connection. Buses are used to send control signals and data between the processor and other components. Three types of bus are used:
GCSE Subjects
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Which is the electronic component on a computer that directs and controls all of the computing devices activities quizlet?
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