Jennifer A. Chandler,1,* Laura Y. Cabrera,2 Paresh Doshi,3 Shirley Fecteau,4,5 Joseph J. Fins,6,7 Salvador Guinjoan,8 Clement Hamani,9 Karen Herrera-Ferrá,10 C. Michael Honey,11 Judy Illes,12 Brian H. Kopell,13 Nir Lipsman,14 Patrick J. McDonald,15 Helen S. Mayberg,16 Roland Nadler,17 Bart Nuttin,18 Albino J. Oliveira-Maia,19,20 Cristian Rangel,21 Raphael Ribeiro,22 Arleen Salles,23 and Hemmings Wu24 Show
Jennifer A. Chandler1Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Find articles by Jennifer A. Chandler Laura Y. Cabrera2Center for Ethics & Humanities in the Life Sciences and Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States Find articles by Laura Y. Cabrera Paresh Doshi3Department of Neurosurgery, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India Find articles by Paresh Doshi Shirley Fecteau4Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada 5CERVO Brain Research Center, Center Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada Find articles by Shirley Fecteau Joseph J. Fins6Weill Cornell Medical College, Consortium for the Advanced Study of Brain Injury, Weill Cornell and the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States 7Solomon Center for Health Law & Policy, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, United States Find articles by Joseph J. Fins Salvador Guinjoan8Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States Find articles by Salvador Guinjoan Clement Hamani9Harquail Center for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Find articles by Clement Hamani Karen Herrera-Ferrá10Asociación Mexicana de Neuroética, Mexico City, Mexico Find articles by Karen Herrera-Ferrá C. Michael Honey11Section of Neurosurgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Find articles by C. Michael Honey Judy Illes12Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Find articles by Judy Illes Brian H. Kopell13Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Find articles by Brian H. Kopell Nir Lipsman14Division of Neurosurgery, Harquail Center for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Find articles by Nir Lipsman Patrick J. McDonald15Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Head, Vancouver, BC, Canada Find articles by Patrick J. McDonald Helen S. Mayberg16Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Find articles by Helen S. Mayberg Roland Nadler17Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Find articles by Roland Nadler Bart Nuttin18Neurosurgeon, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Find articles by Bart Nuttin Albino J. Oliveira-Maia19Champalimaud Research and Clinical Center, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal 20NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Find articles by Albino J. Oliveira-Maia Cristian Rangel21Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Find articles by Cristian Rangel Raphael Ribeiro22Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Find articles by Raphael Ribeiro Arleen Salles23Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Find articles by Arleen Salles Hemmings Wu24Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Find articles by Hemmings Wu Disclaimer 1Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada 2Center for Ethics & Humanities in the Life Sciences and Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States 3Department of Neurosurgery, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India 4Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada 5CERVO Brain Research Center, Center Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada 6Weill Cornell Medical College, Consortium for the Advanced Study of Brain Injury, Weill Cornell and the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States 7Solomon Center for Health Law & Policy, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, United States 8Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States 9Harquail Center for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 10Asociación Mexicana de Neuroética, Mexico City, Mexico 11Section of Neurosurgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada 12Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 13Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States 14Division of Neurosurgery, Harquail Center for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 15Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Head, Vancouver, BC, Canada 16Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States 17Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 18Neurosurgeon, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 19Champalimaud Research and Clinical Center, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal 20NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 21Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada 22Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada 23Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 24Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China Edited by: James J. Giordano, Georgetown University, United States Reviewed by: Joaquim Pereira Brasil-Neto, Unieuro, Brazil; Amer M. Burhan, Ontario Shores Center for Mental Health Sciences, Canada *Correspondence: Jennifer A. Chandler ac.awattou@reldnahc This article was submitted to Brain Imaging and Stimulation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Received 2020 Jul 28; Accepted 2020 Nov 30. Copyright © 2021 Chandler, Cabrera, Doshi, Fecteau, Fins, Guinjoan, Hamani, Herrera-Ferrá, Honey, Illes, Kopell, Lipsman, McDonald, Mayberg, Nadler, Nuttin, Oliveira-Maia, Rangel, Ribeiro, Salles and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. AbstractNeurosurgery for psychiatric disorders in the people's republic of china- responsibilities of international societies What is surgery that removes or destroys tissue in an effort to change behavior?The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the field of psychosurgery as “the selective surgical removal or destruction of nerve pathways for the purposes of influencing behavior.” Simply put, psychosurgery is brain surgery performed to treat psychiatric disorders.
Why is psychosurgery controversial?From the time of the first operation in the 1930s until today, psychosurgery has been a controversial treatment. The use of psychiatric surgery has been overshadowed by doubts about its usefulness, inadequate reporting of outcomes, and ethical questions.
When is psychosurgery used in modern times quizlet?It can be used to treat mental illnesses such as OCD, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia (to a lesser extent). Psychosurgery can be seen as effective due to research which has shown its high success rates.
How does EMDR eye movement and desensitization therapy fare under scientific scrutiny?How do alternative therapies fare under scientific scrutiny? Controlled research has not supported the claims of eye movement and desensitization (EMDR) therapy. Light exposure therapy does seem to relieve the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
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Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
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