4)To what extent did the British and Dutch trading companies change the societiesthey encountered in Asia?The Dutch acted to control not only the shipping but alsothe production of cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, and mace. With much bloodshed, theDutch seized control of a number of small spice producing islands, forcing theirpeople to sell only to the Dutch. On the Banda Islands, the Dutch killed, enslaved, orleft to starve virtually the entire population and then replaced them with Dutchplanters, using a slave labor force to produce the nutmeg crop. Ultimately, the localeconomy of the Spice Islands was shattered by Dutch policies, and the people therewere impoverished. The British established three major trading settlements in Indiaduring the seventeenth century: Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras. They secured theirtrading bases with the permission of Mughal authorities or local rulers. British traders Show
Presentation on theme: "Chapter 14: Economic Transitions: Commerce and Consequences"— Presentation transcript: 1 Chapter 14: Economic Transitions: Commerce and Consequences
2 What drove European involvement in the world of Asian commerce? 3 How did the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and British initiatives in Asia differ from one another? 4 The Dutch and British organized their Indian Ocean ventures through private trading companies.
5 What was the world historical importance of the silver trade? 6 It enhanced influence and authority for some Native American leaders.
7 But the fur trade also
had a negative impact, such as in exposing Native Americans to European diseases and generating warfare beyond anything previously known. It left Native Americans dependent on European goods without a corresponding ability to manufacture the goods themselves. It brought alcohol into Indian societies, often with deeply destructive effects
8 How did the North American and Siberian fur trades differ from each other? What did they have in common? Both trades were driven by the demands of the world market.
Both had similar consequences for the native populations that participated in them, as both native Siberians and Native Americans suffered from new diseases and became dependent on the goods for which they traded furs. However, the trades also differed in that Native Americans dealt with several competing European nations who generally obtained their furs through commercial negotiations. No such competition existed in Siberia, where Russian authorities imposed a tax or
tribute, payable in furs, on every able-bodied Siberian male between eighteen and fifty years of age. A further difference lay in the large-scale presence of private Russian hunters and trappers, who competed directly with their Siberian counterparts. 9
What was distinctive about the Atlantic slave trade
10 Particularly ironic is the fact that American slaveholding took place in the only society, with the possible exception of ancient Greece, that affirmed values of human freedom and equality while permitting widespread slavery. But the Atlantic slave trade did possess some similarities with other patterns of slave owning, including the acquisition of slaves from Africa; the enslavement of outsiders and other
vulnerable people; and the fact that slavery was a common practice since the earliest civilizations. 11 European demand for slaves was clearly the chief cause of the trade.
12 From the point of initial capture to sale on the coast, the slave trade was normally in African hands. African elites and merchants secured slaves and brought them to the coast for
sale to Europeans waiting on ships or in fortified settlements. 13 In what different ways did the Atlantic slave trade transform African societies? 14 The slave trade in general stimulated little positive economic change in Africa and led to economic stagnation. Some larger kingdoms, such as Kongo and Oyo, also slowly disintegrated because of the slave trade. But in other regions, like Benin and Dahomey, African authorities sought to take advantage of the new commercial opportunities to manage the slave trade in their own interests. What did the fur trade have in common with the silver trade?According to Map 14.3, "The North American Fur Trade," what did the fur trade have in common with the silver trade? Both were practiced on a truly global scale.
What commodity was soft gold in early modern commerce?“soft gold”: Nickname used in the early modern period for animal furs, highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status; in several regions, the fur trade generated massive wealth for those engaged in it.
Which of the following was an effect of the fur trade on the indigenous people of North America?The fur trade resulted in many long term effects that negatively impacted Native people throughout North America, such as starvation due to severely depleted food resources, dependence on European and Anglo-American goods, and negative impacts from the introduction of alcohol-which was often exchanged for furs.
Which of the following describes the Japanese government's treatment of Japanese merchants operating in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century quizlet?Which of the following describes the Japanese government's treatment of Japanese merchants operating in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century? The government disavowed any responsibility for the Japanese merchants.
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