How are mental images and concepts involved in the process of thinking? Show Thinking (cognition) is mental activity that occurs in the brain when information is being organized, stored, communicated, or processed. Mental images represent objects or events and have a picture-like quality. Concepts are ideas that represent a class or category of events, objects, or activities. Prototypes are examples of a concept that more closely match the defining characteristics of that concept. Thinking (cognition) is the mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others. Mental images are mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picture-like quality. Concepts are ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities. The superordinate concept is the most general form of a type of concept, such as “animal” or “fruit”. The basic level type is an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized, such as “dog,” “cat,” or “pear.” The subordinate concept is the most specific category of a concept, such as one’s pet dog or a pear in one’s hand. Formal concepts are concepts that are defined by specific rules or features. Natural concepts are concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world. A prototype is an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept. Problem solving is the process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.
thinking, intelligence, and language Terms in this set (45)thinking(cognition) mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others.
mental images mental representations that stand for objects or events and have a picturelike quality concepts ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities superordinate concept the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"; superordinate refers to highest in status or standing basic level type an example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized, such as "dog," "cat," or "pear." subordinate concept the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or pear in one's hand; subordinate refers to lowest in status or standing. formal concepts concepts that are defined by specific rules or features natural concepts concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the real world prototype an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept problem solving process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways. trial and error(mechanical solution) problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found algoriths very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems. heuristic "rule of thumb," an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. representative heuristic assumption that any object(or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category. availability heuristic estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples. means-end analysis heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference. functional fixedness a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions mental set the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past. confirmation bias the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that he does not fit those beliefs creativity the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
convergent thinking type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic. divergent thinking type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. intelligence the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems. triarchic theory of intelligence Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical analytical intelligence the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving. creative intelligence the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems. practical intelligence the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful. g factor the ability to reason and solve problems; general intelligence; Spearman s factor the ability to excel in certain areas or specific intelligence; Spearman intelligence quotient(IQ) a number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100. reliability the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people. validity the degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure deviation IQ scores a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15 intellectual disability condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage that the skills of other who are the same chronological age; may also be referred to as "developmentally delayed." formerly known as mental retardation gifted the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ score of 130 or above. emotional intelligence the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, able to feel what others feel, and socially skilled. language a system for combining symbols(words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others. grammar the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language. syntax the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences. morphemes the smallest units of meaning within a language. semantics the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences phonemes the basic units of sound in language. pragmatics aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or social "niceties" of language linguistic relativity hpothesis the theory that though processes and concepts are controlled by language cognitive universalism theory that concepts are universal and influence the development of language Students also viewedPsychology 101: Ch 734 terms Aurora4616 Chapter 7 Psychology26 terms Alyssa_Belty Psychology 723 terms haley_davis28 chapter 841 terms nyahkellman Sets found in the same folderPsychology 101: Ch 734 terms Aurora4616 Chapter 3 A67 terms sydneyclark Psychology Ch 420 terms katier501 Psych 101 Exam 130 terms Kiley_Albert Other sets by this creatorSociology 103: Exam 397 terms sohssbohss Sociology 103: Exam 258 terms sohssbohss Soc 103 Exam 146 terms sohssbohss Psych 101: Memory48 terms sohssbohss Verified questions
psychology Ulric's doctor suggested that he consider moving to an area where there is greater sunlight or purchasing a light box that emits a bright light. Given these treatment options, Ulric's doctor must have diagnosed Ulric with a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. b. a seasonal pattern for depressive disorders. c. post traumatic stress disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder. e. agoraphobia. Verified answer
psychology People are more likely to disobey an authority figure when a. they are alone with the authority figure. b. the authority figure is male. c. the authority figure's request would cause harm to another person. d. they are in a group with more than three people. e. they have seen someone else disobey. Verified answer psychology Explain how the nature-nurture debate could be used to support each element of the biopsychosocial approach to explaining human behavior. Verified answer
psychology Thom has been on a diet for several months and has lost 50 pounds. What is happening to the fat cells in his body? a. The number of fat cells is increasing. b. The number of fat cells is decreasing. c. Fat cells are storing excess glucose due to his reduced food intake. d. The number of fat cells is remaining constant. e. The fat cells are dividing to increase the number of them available for fat storage. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions
Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions HDEV56th EditionSpencer A. Rathus 380 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions Social Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Other Quizlet setsLogistics Final102 terms Lauren_Feeley26 MB 230 Midterm 3 21-4020 terms morrisja1 Accounting Exam #2 Part 237 terms Momo_Gaming7 T H E L A S T T E S T B O I Z25 terms Jacobwithnobacon What type of concept is defined by a specific set of characteristics?An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics. Various properties of geometric shapes, like squares and triangles, serve as useful examples of artificial concepts.
What is an example of a concept in the superordinate category?A term like 'home' is a superordinate concept. A home can be an apartment or a house, a boat or a shack. It can be huge or a single room. Home is a general concept that goes at the very bottom of the hierarchy.
What is another name for a natural concept?Natural concepts are sometimes called "fuzzy concepts" because of their imprecision. By comparison, artificial concepts are those defined by a set of rules or characteristics, such as dictionary definitions or mathematical formulas.
Is a circle a natural concept?To the human eye, circles and spheres are abundant in nature and in our universe. They can occur naturally — in planets, stars, celestial bodies, tree rings, rain drops — or they can be man-made — such as traffic roundabouts, buttons, volleyballs, pizza.
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What is an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of the concept?
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