Which of the following statements accurately describes the sharecropping system

Multiple Choice

1. How did Garrison Frazier define freedom for African-Americans during his January 1865 conversation with General Sherman and Secretary of War Stanton? having and owning their own land

2. Which statement is true about “Sherman land”? Sherman set aside lands for settlement of black families on forty- acre plots.

3. General William T. Sherman’s Special Field Order 15 set aside land to distribute among black families.

4. Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?

Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.

1. What effect did emancipation have on the structure of the black family? Black families increasingly adopted the nineteenth-century idea that men and women held different responsibilities.

2. Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War? Methodist and Baptist

3. Howard University is well known as

a black university in Washington, D.

1. In which way did the black church change during Reconstruction?

It started to play a central role as blacks abandoned white- controlled religious institutions. 9. How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy? The nation’s first African-American colleges were established.

1. What was one of the ways in which black education evolved during Reconstruction? The first black colleges were established.

2. For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant landownership.

3. Which of the following was true according to Frederick Douglass? Slavery was not going to be truly abolished until black men held the ballot.

4. Anything less than ________ for African-Americans would betray the Civil War’s meaning, black spokesmen insisted. full citizenship

14 terms of employment, blacks most avidly searched for the possibility to work their own land.

1. How did the Civil War affect planter families? For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor.

2. What was the northern vision for the Reconstruction-era southern

3. According to the petitions that freedmen sent to President Andrew Johnson, what had the government promised them? Homesteads

4. Because President Johnson ended land reform and no land distribution took place, the vast majority of rural African-Americans remained poor and without property.

5. Sharecropping was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor, because they were less subject to supervision.

6. The crop-lien system kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

7. White farmers in the late nineteenth-century South included many sharecroppers involved in the crop-lien system.

8. Which of the following statements accurately describes the sharecropping system? Sharecroppers rented land and split the crops with the plantation owner.

9. Which of the following statements accurately describes white yeoman (small) farmers? After the war, many white yeoman farmers went into debt, lost their farms, and became sharecroppers as a result.

10. After the Civil War, cotton prices

dropped.

1. During Reconstruction, southern cities enjoyed newfound prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the North.

2. Other societies experienced the transition from slavery to freedom around the same time as the United States. What type of labor did plantation owners in the British Caribbean use to continue their operations? indentured servants from India and China

3. During Reconstruction, what new southern class arose due to the building of new railroads? an urban middle class

4. What did the freedmen request in their “Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson” in 1865? the right to purchase a homestead

5. Which statement is true about the “Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson”? The petitioners demanded land on the grounds that that they had made the lands valuable through their labor.

6. What can be determined through analyzing the “Sharecropping Contract”? the contract was a type of economic slavery.

7. What benefit did Abraham Lincoln see in having Andrew Johnson on his ticket? Lincoln’s party hoped to build a Republican base in the South.

They promoted the ideal of a strong federal government able to protect the rights of all Americans.

1. The Black Codes violated free labor principles so celebrated by the North at the time.

2. Radical Republicans hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

3. The most ambitious and cherished—but least successful—of Thaddeus Stevens’s aims as a Radical Republican was land reform.

4. The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

5. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Civil Rights Bill of 1866? It promoted equality before the law.

6. Why did Andrew Johnson veto the Civil Rights Bill of 1866? He argued that blacks did not deserve the right of citizenship.

7. When Congress sent Andrew Johnson the Civil Rights Bill of 1866, he argued that it discriminated against whites.

8. In what way was Reconstruction policy a success? It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.

9. Which of the following statements is true of the Fourteenth Amendment? It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person.

10. The Fourteenth Amendment marked the most important change in the U. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.

11. In March 1867, Congress began Radical Reconstruction by adopting the ________, which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South. Reconstruction Act

12. What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U. House of Representatives? He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.

13. When assessing the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, what can be determined about this issue? Both Congress and the president accused the other of unconstitutional acts.

14. Which of the following statements is true of the Reconstruction Act? It established black men’s legal right to vote in the former Confederacy.

15. Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment? Johnson’s lawyers assured moderate Republicans that he would

16. The authors of the Reconstruction amendments gave the federal government the power to do which of the following? enforce Americans’ rights and act as the “custodian of freedom”

17. Which of the following did the Reconstruction amendments introduce? birthright citizenship

18. What made the Burlingame Treaty unique? It recognized the sovereignty of China.

19. Why did Mark Twain call Anson Burlingame “a citizen of the world”? Burlingame looked beyond a narrow view of citizenship.

20. How do historians frequently perceive the laws and amendments introduced to the Constitution during Reconstruction? as equivalent to a second founding of America

21. In “The Composite Nation” (1869), what does Frederick Douglass reveal about his position toward Chinese immigrants? He condemned anti-Asian discrimination.

22. Which of the following is one of the central ideas in Frederick Douglass’s speech “The Composite Nation”? Human rights are universal and indestructible and include the ability of people of all races to migrate freely from one place to another.

23. Despite the Fourteenth Amendment, which group was still being denied United States citizenship? Asians

24. How did the abolition of slavery impact the women’s rights movement in the United States? It led feminists to search for new ways to make the promise of free labor real for women.

25. The idea that change comes slowly can be evidenced by what event during Reconstruction? Women were excluded from the suffrage amendment.

26. After the Civil War, which territory became the first to allow women to vote? Wyoming

27. During Reconstruction, those like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone who supported a woman’s right to vote found themselves divided over whether to support the Fifteenth Amendment.

28. The U. Supreme Court’s decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law demonstrated that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.

29. Why did Elizabeth Cady Stanton oppose the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment? It did not ban discrimination in voting based on sex.

30. Most of those termed “scalawags” during Reconstruction had been b. non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.

31. Southern Republicans during Reconstruction b. established the South’s first state-supported schools.

32. During Radical Reconstruction in the South, a. the first interracial governments in U. history accomplished a great deal, despite violent opposition.

33. During Radical Reconstruction, what did every state help finance in an effort to transform the South into a society of booming factories, bustling towns, and diversified agriculture? railroad construction

34. The Whiskey Ring scandal took place during the administration of Ulysses Grant.

35. Which statement is true about the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)? Founded in 1866 in Tennessee, the KKK was a terrorist organization that attacked black and white Republicans during Reconstruction.

36. The bloodiest act of violence during Reconstruction took place in ________ in 1873, where armed whites killed hundreds of former slaves, including

fifty militia members who had surrendered. Colfax, Louisiana,

1. The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

2. The Enforcement Acts drove the Ku Klux Klan out of existence in 1872.

3. The Liberal Republican movement in 1872 initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant’s policies in the South.

4. The Prostrate State depicts South Carolina under allegedly corrupt Negro rule during Reconstruction.

5. The U. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that most rights of citizens were under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.

6. In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and black officials? Redeemers

7. The election of 1876 was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

Which of the following describes sharecropping?

Which of the following best describes the practice of sharecropping quizlet?

Which statement describes the sharecropping system that emerged to replace slavery?

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